bacteria, and lesions from its bites may also lead to lameness in sheep. The possibility that the hairy tick may be a vector of sweating sickness (virus) of cattle has been mentioned.

IDENTIFICATION

Male: H. rufipes, almost without exception, is a large, robust, shiny black tick with a comparatively broad body outline. Its scutum is densely and rather uniformly punctate, so much so that the lateral grooves are obscured. The punctations are close together and while they give the impression of being rather uniform, they usually grade imperceptibly from large posteriorly to smaller anteriorly. There is little differentiation of the caudal area. Ventrally, the subanal shields are directly pos terior of the ad anals and the circumspiracular area is more or less hirsute, but a fair to dense accumulation of hairs always occurs in this area. The ventral integument is usually somewhat more hirsute than in other species. The legs are reddish brown with bright, paler rings. The posterior body margin is typically broadly rounded but not infrequently may be somewhat constricted and thus tend to approach the form of that in H. impressum. New ly molted specimens are reddish brown and rare preserved individ uals show this color. The body shape of some specimens is more narrowly elongate than is typical for this species, but such individuals always appear to be rather weak and poorly nourished.

Females: This sex often reaches considerable size. Cir_ cumspiracular pilosity and color are like those of the male; scutal punctations are like those of the anterior part of the male scutum. The genital apron is a wide shield that bulges strongly from a deep anterior and posterior indentation. The outline of the apron is much like that of H. marginatum and H. impressum; however the division of the apron of the latter spe cies into an anterior ridge and a posterior button readily separates this from H. rufipes.

The larva has been sketched by Bedford (1934) and Theiler (1943B).

Figures 186 and 187, o, dorsal and ventral views
Figures 188 and 189, o, dorsal and ventral views

A, Q, genital area. B to D, Q, genital area outline and profile.
B, unengorged. C, partly engorged. D, fully engorged.

HY ALOMMA TRUNCATUM Koch, 1844.

(Figures 186 to 189)

THE AFRICAN HY ALOMMA

NOTE: The Nuttall school referred to H. truncatum as H. aegyptium. During the past five years, most authors have called this species H. transiens, the authority for which has been at tributed to Schulze (1919) or to Delpy (1946A). Feldman_Muhsam's (1954) studies of Koch's type specimens leave no doubt that this species is Koch's (1844) H. truncatum. Feldman Muhsam (op. cit.) has also compared the type specimens of several of Schulze's African "species" and found them to be identical with H. truncatum. These are noted below in the distribution section.

Bahr El Ghazal: Galual Nyang Forest (Large numbers of adults from several giraffes in March, May, and June; SVS. Moderate num bers of adults from forest buffalos from February through April; SVS, HH. Small numbers of adults from tiang, roan antelope, domestic horse, and on ground from February to April; SVS, HH). Fanjak (Small numbers of adults from cattle, February and March; SVS, HH). Wau (roan antelope; SGC). Yirol (cattle; SVs).

Note: The following records consist of one to ten adult specimens per collection unless otherwise mentioned.

Upper Nile: Makier (cattle; SVS).

Blue Nile: Lake Ras Amer (camel; SGC). Hassa Heissa (camel; G. Kohls det., G. B. Thompson, correspondence). Wad Medani (cattle and camels; HH).

Darfur: Nyala (camel; SVS). Muhagariya (horses, donkeys, cattle, and camels; SVS). Zalingei (camels, cattle, horses, donkeys, and goats; SVS). Kulme (no host record; BMNH). Radom (cattle'; SVS).

Kordofan: Talodi and Heiban (cattle; svs).

Khartoum: Apparently not established in this Province

but arrives in fairly large numbers on Kordofan and Darfur cattle for export to foreign markets; HH.7

Kassala: Kassala (goats;
Kassala (goats; SVS). See EGYPT below.

Northern: Rare in this Province but arrives at the Wadi Halfa Quarantine on cattle en route to Egypt. Known only from report by Chodziesner (1924) from Delgo.

DISTRIBUTION

H. truncatum is the sole endemic representative of this genus that is widely spread throughout the Ethiopian Faunal Region (Figure 1) and nowhere else. It commonly occurs in the drier parts of this Region but appears to increase in numbers

towards and north of the equator. It is rare or absent in forests of western Africa.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: CANARY ISLANDS CANARY ISLANDS (Specimens from dogs, Tene_ rife, 1906, in BMNH collections; HH det.).

NORTH AFRICA: EGYPT (Occurs only in Gebel Elba area of extreme Southeastern Egypt adjacent to Sudan frontier (Kassala Province); numerous males arrive at the Cairo abattoir on cattle from the Sudan and East Africa but this species has not established itself as a result of these introductions: Hoogstraal, ms.).

WEST AFRICA:

FRENCH WEST AFRICA (As H. truncatum sp. nov.; Koch 1844. As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Schulze 1919. As H. transiens: Rousselot 1951,1953B). GAMBIA (Numerous specimens in single lot from cattle in BMNH collections; HH det.).

PORTUGESE GUINEA (As H. savignyi: Tendeiro 1948,1949A, 1951F,1952A,C,D. From Tendeiro s 1949A discussion it is evident that he is referring to H. truncatum (= H. transiens) but prefers to call it H. savignyi. It is likely that one to three other Hyalomma species occur in Portugese Guinea).

NIGERIA (As H. aegyptium: Simpson 1912A,B. As H. impressum transiens: Unsworth 1949. As H. impressum subsp.: Gambles 1951. As H. transiens: Unsworth 1952. See HOSTS below). GOLD COAST (As H. aegyptium: Simpson 1914). TOGO (Feldman Muhsam 1954 states that H. impressum brunneiparmatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, is a synonym of H. truncatum; however, from examination of Miss J. B. Walker's Kenya reared material of H. albiparmatum, in which the parma varies in size and color, it Is evident that H. brunneiparmatum is a synonym of H. albiparmatum).

CENTRAL AFRICA: CAMEROONS (As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodziesner 1924. As H. transiens: Rageau 1951,1953. Rousselot 1951,1953B. Unsworth 1952). FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA (As H. nitidum from "New Cameroons": Schulze 1919. Chodziesner 1924. As H. Impressum nitidum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. Kratz 1940. See also Feldman Muhsam 1954. As H. aegyptium impressum transiens: Chodziesner 1924. As H. transiens: Rousselot 1951, 19538). BELGIAN CONGO (As H. transiens: Theiler and Robinson 1954).