Rhinolophus ferrum equinum (Neumann 1906). Rhinolophus eloquens (Loveridge 1936A). Rhinolophus clivosus auger (= geoffroyi auger*) (Zumpt 1950B). R. sp. of Howard (1908) equals R. clivosus auger (=geoffroyi auger*) according to Bedford (1932B). Rhinolophus clivosus zambesiensis (Sudan record above).

Myotis Vespertilio) sp. (Neumann 1906). Myotis tricolor (Bedford 1932B), and Irene caves material mentioned under SOUTH AFRICA above. Myotis macrodactylus (Arthur 1956A).

Miniopterus natalensis arenarius and Miniopterus schreibersi (subsp. probably Japoniae) from Japan, M. schreibersi and M. s. schreibersi (Arthur 1956A).

BIOLOGY

Aside from the fact that larvae, nymphs, and females are taken on bats, nothing is known concerning the biology of I. simplex. Males either do not take blood or feed very rapidly and quickly secrete themselves thereafter; they should be searched for in retreats frequented by bats. Ixodes simplex is widely spread through the tropics and temperate climates of the world and must be an un commonly adaptable tick. Its hosts' ability to fly undoubtedly accounts in part for the great range of this species.

Unknown.

DISEASE RELATIONS

REMARKS

The haller's organ of both subspecies of I. simplex is like that of I. vespertilionis (Arthur 1956B).

*I am indebted to C. C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals at Chicago Natural History Museum, and an outstanding authority on bats, for checking the bat host names in this section.

IDENTIFICATION

Females are readily separated from those of the only other known bat infesting species of this genus, I. vespertilionis by the fact that I. simplex has normal-length legs, although the last pair is longer than usual (all pairs of legs of I. vespertilionis are exceedingly long). Anal grooves are short and divergent. The scutum is slightly longer than broad, has gently curved posterolateral margins, and converging anterolateral margins; widely scattered, subequal punctations, shallow cervical grooves, no lateral grooves; its color is brownish, reddish, or yellowish. The basis capituli is triangular, without cornua or auriculae. Coxae are flat and without spurs. For a fuller description, see Arthur (1956A).

Males are unknown. Immature stages are described by Arthur (1956).

Figures 232 and 233, o, dorsal and ventral views Figures 234 and 235, Q, dorsal and ventral views

DIODES VESPERTILIONIS

English specimens.

PLATE LXVII

- 567

This is the only specimen of I. vespertilionis known from the Sudan.

DISTRIBUTION

I. vespertilionis is widely distributed in the Old World and is known from scattered areas in Africa where search will probably reveal numerous new locality records.

The distribution of I. vespertilionis was first summarized by Nuttall and Warburton (1911) and later, more extensively, by Neumann (1916). The present distributional summary is based on the latter paper, with only subsequent reports added. ly, Arthur (1956A) has brought these records up to date.

Africa

More recent

NORTH AFRICA: ALGERIA (Neumann 1916. Hirst 1916. Nuttall 1916. Senevet 1937). MOROCCO (Arthur 1956A).

EAST AFRICA: SUDAN (Hoogstraal 1954B. Arthur 1956A).

UGANDA (Arthur 1956A). KENYA (HH collecting in crater of Mt. Menengai).

SOUTHERN AFRICA: UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (Arthur 1956A. See NOTE five paragraphs below.

Europe

GIBRALTAR (Neumann 1916). PORTUGAL (Hirst 1916). SPAIN (Neumann 1916. Schulze 1927. Gil Collado 1936, 1938,1948). FRANCE (Neumann 1916. Hirst 1916. Jeannel 1926. Schulze 1927. Senevet 1937. Cooreman 1954A,B. Lamontellerie 1954. Arthur 1956A). GER MANY (Neumann 1916. Schulze 1923B,1944B. Schulze and Schlottke 1929). SWITZERLAND (Arthur 1956A). AUSTRIA (Neumann 1916. Nuttall 1916). BRITISH ISLES (Neumann 1916. Nuttall 1916. Hirst 1916. MacLeod 1939. Arthur 1948,1953A,1956A). BELGIUM (Bequaert 1913. Schmitz and Bequaert 1914. Leruth 1939B. Cooreman 1951). LUXEM BURG (Leruth 19398). NETHERLANDS (van Eyndhoven 1939,1953). ITALY (Neumann 1916. Tonelli-Rondelli 1930A). SARDINIA (Kohls, correspondence). GREECE (Schulze 1936. Pandazis 1947. Arthur 1956A). HUNGARY (Neumann 1916. Hirst 1916. Kotlan 1921A,B). CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Neumann 1910. Rosicky 1953). BULGARIA (Schulze 1927). YUGOSLAVIA (Neumann 1916. Oswald 1939). ROMANIA (Leruth 1939A. Cooreman 1951). CRETE (Hirst 1916).

NOTE: Schulze (1927) listed a nymph from Rhinolophus hipposiderus (sic) (?ferrum equinum) at "Želebor" (?Europe).

Near East

TURKEY (Arthur 1956A). PALESTINE (Arthur 1956A). IRAN (Olenev 1927,1931. Pomerantzev 1937,1950). RUSSIA (Olenev 1927, 1929,1931. Pomerantzev 1937,1950. Karpov and Popov 1944).

Far East

JAPAN (From Sawada, Myiagi, Honshu, A. J. Nicholson legit: Kohls, correspondence).

NOTE: I. vespertilionis has been reported from Australia by Nuttall and Warburton (1911) and quoted by Neumann (1916), Ferguson (1925), and Leruth (19398), but not subsequently veri fied. The host was listed as Vesperugo tricolor. The only ves pertilionid bat known to have the specific name tricolor is Myotis tricolor* of East and South Africa. The collecting locality for

*I am indebted to C. C. Sanborn, Curator of Mammals at Chicago Natural History Museum, and an outstanding authority on bats, for checking the bat host names in this section.