passion; but being, or a state of being; as, "} am, I sleep, I sit."

Auxiliary or Helping Verbs, are those by the help of which the English verbs are principally conjugated; they are, do, be, have, shall, will, may, can, with their variations; and let and must, which have no variation.

To verbs belong Number, Person, Mood, and Tense.

NUMBER AND PERSON.

Verbs have two numbers, the Singular and the Plural; as, "I love, we love."

In each number there are three persons; as,

Mood or Mode is a particular form of the verb, showing the manner in which the being, action, or passion, is represented.

There are five moods of verbs, the Indicative, the Imperative, the Potential, the Subjunctive, and the Infinitive.

The Indicative Mood simply indicates or declares a thing; as, “He loves: he is loved (?) on

Depart thou; mind ye; let us stay; go in peace."

The Potential Mood implies possibility or liberty, power, will, or obligation; as, "It may rain; he may go or stay; I can ride; he would walk; they should learn."

The Subjunctive Mood represents a thing under a condition, motive, wish, supposition, &c.; and is preceded by a conjunction, expressed or understood, and attended by another verb; as, "I will respect him, though he chide me; "Were he good, he would be happy :" that is, if he were good."

The Infinitive Mood expresses a thing in a general and unlimited manner, without tinction of number or person; as, speak, to be feared.”

any dis"to act, to

The Particle is a certain form of the verb, and derives its name from its participating, not only the properties of a verb, but also those of an adjective; as, "I am desirous of knowing him ""Admired and applauded, he became vain ;" "Having finished his work, he submitted it;"&c.

.92

There are three Participles, the Present or Active, the Perfect or Passive, and the compound Perfect; as, "loving, loved, having loved."

THE TENSES.

Tense, being the distinction of 1o

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

made to consist of six variations, viz. the Present, the Imperfect, the Perfect, the Pluperfect, and the First and Second Future Tenses.

The Present Tense represents an action or event, as passing at the time in which it is mentioned; as, "I rule; I am ruled; I think;

I fear."

The Imperfect Tense represents the action or event, either as passed and finished, or as remaining unfinished at a certain time past: as, "I loved her for her modesty and virtue ;” were travelling post when he met them." ." "They The Perfect Tense not only refers to what is past, but also conveys an allusion to the present time; as, "I have finished my letter ;" have seen the person that was recommended to "I

me."

The Pluperfect Tense represents a thing, not only as past, but also as prior to some other point of time specified in the sentence; as, finished my letter before he arrived." "I had

The first Future Tense represents the action as yet to come, either with or without respect to the precise time when; as, "The sun will rise tomorrow;" "I shall see them again."

The second Future intimates that the action will be fully accomplished, at or before the time of another future action or event; as, have dined at one o'clock •” "I shall

"The two

The Conjugation of a verb is the regular combination and arrangement of its several numbers, persons, moods, and tenses.

The conjugation of an active verb is styled the ACTIVE VOICE; and that of a passive verb, the

PASSIVE VOICE:

The auxiliary and active verb To have, is conjugated in the following manner.

you had.

3. They had."

**The verbs, though conjugated at large through all their tenses, that the learners may, by a full and regular display of them, more completely understand their nature and use, need not be wholly committed to memory, by young persons who are beginning the study of grammar. If the simple tenses, namely, the present and the imperfect, together with the first future tense, should, in the first instance, be committed to memory, and the rest carefully perused and explain

todia

Singular.

1. I have had.

2. Thou hast had.
3. He has had.

Singular.

1. I had had.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

2. Thou hadst had.
3. He had had.

Singular.

Pluperfect Tense.

First Future Tense.

1. I shall or will have.
2. Thou shalt or wilt have.
3. He shall or will have.

Singular.

Second Future Tense.

1. I shall have had. 2. Thou wilt have had. 3. He will have had.

Singular.

1. Let me have.

Imperative Mood.

Plura!.

1. Let us have.

2. Have thou, or do thou Have ye or do ve or you