Neurologic Disorders of the Larynx

abnormal adduction adductor airflow amplitude Ann Otol Rhinol artery arytenoid aspiration bilateral Blitzer bolus Botox botulinum toxin brain stem breathing Brin MF cerebellar cerebral chorea clinical closure cricoid cricothyroid disorders dysarthria dysfunction effect electromyography epiglottis esophageal evaluation examination Fahn fibers fiberscope Figure flow frequency geal glottal glottic infarction injection innervation laryngeal dystonia laryngeal function laryngeal muscles Laryngoscope lesions measures medial membrane ment motor neuron motor unit movements msec muscle activation muscular neurological normal onset Otol Rhinol Laryngol patients pattern pharyngeal phonation phonatory Physiol physiologic pitch posterior cricoarytenoid posterior cricoarytenoid muscle receptors recurrent laryngeal nerve reflex respiration respiratory response result ryngeal sensory singer sleep spasmodic dysphonia spastic dysphonia Speech Hear Res stroboscopic studies stuttering subglottal pressure superior laryngeal nerve surgery swallowing symptoms syndrome technique telescope therapy thyroarytenoid thyroid cartilage tion treatment unilateral upper airway vibratory videolaryngoscopy vocal cord paralysis vocal fold vocal tract vocal tremor voice