Complications in Foot and Ankle Surgery: Prevention and Management

Achillis amputation anesthesia ankle antibiotic arthrodesis arthroplasty arthroscopic associated avoid blood Bone Joint Surg calcaneus cause Clin Orthop clinical CO2 laser complications correction diabetes mellitus diabetic foot diabetic patient digit disease distal dorsal dorsiflexion edema evaluation Figure fixation Foot Surg forefoot fracture function hallux varus HAV deformity immobilization implant incision infection intermetatarsal intermetatarsal angle lateral lesion lesser metatarsal ligament matricectomy medial ment metatarsal head metatarsophalangeal joint metatarsus adductus muscle nail necrosis nerve nonunion normal occur osteotomy pain performed plantar podiatric Podiatry Assoc position posterior postopera postoperative radiographs potential preoperative radiographs prevent proper proximal phalanx radiographs recurrence reduce removed reported resection result risk rupture scar sesamoid shortening sinus tarsi sion skin soft tissue subtalar joint surface surgeon surgery surgical procedure sutures talus technique tendo Achillis tendon therapy tibial tient tion tive tourniquet transfer trauma treatment ulceration utilized valgus varus deformity vascular weight-bearing wire wound healing