Electromagnetics

amperes axis bound charge boundary conditions calculate capacitance capacitor Chap charge density charge Q circuit closed surface coefficients component conductor constant Coulomb's law coulombs current density current element current flows current loop cylinder define derivative differential equation dimensions dipole direct current displacement distance divergence electric field electron energy expression factor field quantities flux forbidden surface force free charge free space Gauss Gaussian surface grad hence inside line integral magnetic field magnetic induction magnetic moment magnetic potential magnitude medium meter mksa molecule moving negative normal obtain parallel path plane plates point charge polarization positive potential difference Poynting vector Problem radius region result scalar shown in Fig solenoid solution spherical surface charge symmetry test charge torque vector potential velocity voltage volume wave wire zero Απερ μο მყ