Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer

Front Cover
Cambridge University Press, Feb 8, 2007 - Technology & Engineering - 260 pages
Elastomers and rubberlike materials form a critical component in diverse applications that range from tyres to biomimetics and are used in chemical, biomedical, mechanical and electrical engineering. This updated and expanded edition provides an elementary introduction to the physical and molecular concepts governing elastic behaviour, with a particular focus on elastomers. The coverage of fundamental principles has been greatly extended and fully revised, with analogies to more familiar systems such as gases, producing an engaging approach to these phenomena. Dedicated chapters on novel uses of elastomers, covering bioelastomers, filled elastomers and liquid crystalline elastomers, illustrate the established and emerging applications at the forefront of physical science. With a list of experiments and demonstrations, problem sets and solutions, this is a self-contained introduction to the topic for graduate students, researchers and industrialists working in the applied fields of physics and chemistry, polymer science and engineering.

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Contents

Section 1
6
Section 2
14
Section 3
19
Section 4
25
Section 5
33
Section 6
39
Section 7
44
Section 8
49
Section 16
111
Section 17
117
Section 18
126
Section 19
131
Section 20
149
Section 21
156
Section 22
159
Section 23
165

Section 9
55
Section 10
57
Section 11
61
Section 12
71
Section 13
79
Section 14
93
Section 15
96
Section 24
167
Section 25
169
Section 26
175
Section 27
179
Section 28
191
Section 29
211

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Page 25 - Increase in temperature increases the chaotic molecular motions of the chains and thus increases the tendency toward the more random state. As a result there is a decrease in length at constant force, or an increase in force at constant length. This is strikingly similar to the behavior of a compressed gas, in which the extent of deformation is given by the reciprocal volume 1/V. The pressure of the gas is largely entropically derived, with increase in deformation (increase in 1/V) also corresponding...
Page 113 - Segments close together in space were linked irrespective of their locations along the chain trajectories, thus resulting in a highly random network structure in which the number and locations of the cross-links were essentially unknown. New synthetic techniques are now available, however, for the preparation of "model" polymer networks of known structure.42'48 An example is the reaction shown in Fig.
Page 22 - The first requirement arises from the fact that the molecules in a rubber or elastomeric material must be able to alter their arrangements and extensions in space dramatically in response to an imposed stress, and only a long-chain molecule has the required very large number of spatial arrangements of very different extensions. This versatility is illustrated in Fig.
Page 143 - ... of simulating chain ordering in copolymers composed of two comonomers, at least one of which is crystallizable. Typically, the chains are placed in parallel, two-dimensional arrangements. Neighboring chains are then searched for like-sequence matches that could lead to the formation of crystallites, in order to estimate extents of crystallinity. Chains stacked in arbitrary registrations are taken to model quenched samples. Annealed samples, on the other hand, are modeled by sliding the chains...
Page 24 - The molecular origin of the elastic force / exhibited by a deformed elastomeric network can be elucidated through thermoelastic experiments, which involve the temperature dependence of either the force at constant length L or the length at constant force [1, 3].

About the author (2007)

James E Mark is a Distinguished Research Professor for the department of Chemistry at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio. He has been a Visiting Professor at several institutions as well as having extensive research and consulting experience in industry. His current research interests pertain to the physical chemistry of polymers, including the elasticity of polymer networks, hybrid organic-inorganic composites, liquid-crystalline polymers, and a variety of computer simulations. A Fellow of the American Physical Society, he is also an editor of the journal Polymer. Amongst numerable achievements, he has been awarded the ACS Applied Polymer Science award and was also elected to the Inaugural Group of Fellows (ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering).

Burak Erman is a Professor in the department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he has been since 2002. His research interests are focused on rubber elasticity; polymer and protein physics and engineering, both experiment and theory, including computer simulations. In 1984, he founded and became Director of the Polymer Research Center at Bogazici University, before moving in 1988 to the Sabanci University in Istanbul where he founded the Chemistry and Materials Science Program. In 1991, he received both the Simavi Science Award and the TUBITAK Science Award. He is founder and member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences.

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