Q. Can you inform me what the foregoing expression is called? 251. A sentence. Q. What, then, is a sentence? 252. A collection of words, forming a complete sense. Q. "Life is short." This expression is called a sentence: can you tell me what kind, and why? 253. It is a simple sentence, because it makes sense, and has but one nominative and one verb. Q. What does the term compound mean? 254. It means composed of two or more things. Q. "Life is short, and art is long." This sentence is made up of two sim pie sentences: what, therefore, may it be called? 255. A compound sentence. Q. What, then, is a compound sentence? 256. A compound sentence contains two or more simple sentences connected together. Q. What does the term conjunction signify? 257. Union, or joining together. Q. In the compound sentence, "John writes, and William learns," the simple sentences are joined together by the word and what word, then, may *and be called? 258. A CONJUNCTION. Q. "The king and queen are an amiable pair." In this sentence, words and not sentences are connected by and can you point out the words so conaected? 259. King and queen. Q. From the foregoing particulars, what appears to be the use of the con junction? 260. A conjunction is used to connect words and sentences together. Q. When I say, "Five and four are nine," what do I mean? 261. Five added to four make nine. Q. What, then, is implied by and? 262. Addition. Q. When I say, "I will go, if you will accompany me,' conjunction if imply? 263. Condition or supposition. Q. What does the word copulative mean? 264. Uniting, joining, or linking together. what does the Q. And, if, &c. are called copulative conjunctions can you tell me why? 265. Because a copulative conjunction connects or continues a sentence by expressing an addition, a supposition, a cause, &c. Q. The following are the principal conjunctions of this class will you re eat them? 266. "And, both, because, besides, for, if, provided, ince, then, that, therefore, wherefore." Q. When I say, "James and John will come," I mean both will come but when I say, "James or John will come," what do I mean? 267. That cither James or John, one of them, wi come. Q. Are the words in this sentence, then, joined or disjoined 268. Disjoined. Q. What word is it that expresses the disjoining? 269. Or. Q. What part of speech is or? 270. Conjunction. Q. What does the word disjunctive mean? 271. Disjoining or separating. Q. What kind of a conjunction, then, shall we call or ? 272. A disjunctive conjunction. Q. "James will come, but Henry will not." Here the two clat ses of the sentence are opposed to each other in meaning, and the word but separates these two clauses: what, then, does this word imply? 273. Opposition of meaning. Q. From the foreg ing, what appears to be the use of the disjunctive conjunction? 274. The conjunction disjunctive connects sen tences, by expressing opposition of meaning in various degrees. Q. The following are the principal conjunctions of this class will you repeat them? 275. "But, than, though, either, or, as, unless, nei ther, nor, less, yet, notwithstanding." Q. Prepositions, you recollect, connect words as well as conjunctions now, then, can you tell the one from the other? 276. Prepositions show the relation between words, but conjunctions express an addition, a supposition, a cause, or an opposition of meaning. Q. "He and she write." In what case is he? she? Q. The pronouns he and she, you perceive, are both in the same case, and connected by the conjunction and: when, then, may nouns and pronouns be connected? 277. When they are in the same case. Q. "She will sing and dances." How may this sentence be corrected? 278. "She will sing and dance." Q. In what mood and tense is "She will sing"? Q. To say, "She dance," is incorrect; dance, then, in this example, cas not be in the present tense will you, then, inform me what "She will sing and dance" means, when fully expressed ? 279 "She will sing and she will dance." Q. Here will dance is in the future tense, as well as will sing when, then, may verbs, in general, be connected? 280. When they are in the same mood and tense. Q. From the foregoing particulars, what appears to be the rule for the use conjunctions, in connecting words? RULE XI. Conjunctions usually connect verbs of the same mood and tense, and nouns or pronouns of the same case. INTERJECTIONS. EXERCISES IN PARSING. "John assists his father and mother." 39 281. And is a CONJUNCTION, a word chiefly used to connect words and sentences-COPULATIVE; it connects ather and mother. Mother is a NOUN; it is a name-COMMON; it is a general name-FEMININE GENDER; it is the name of a femaleTHIRD PERSON; it is spoken of SINGULAR NUMBER; it means but one-and it is one of the objects of assists, and is, therefore, in the OBJECTIVE CASE, and connected with father by the conjunction and, according to RULE XI. Conjunctions usually connect verbs of the same mood and tense, and nouns or pronouns of the same case. EXERCISES IN PARSING CONTINUED. I will reward him and them at some future time." We in vain (1.) look for a path between virtue and vice." Reproof either hardens or softens its object." 'In the morning of life, we eagerly pursue pleasure, but oftentimes meet (2.) with sad disappointments." A good scholar never mutters nor disobeys his instructer.” "She reads well, dances (3.) elegantly, and plays admirably on the piano-forte." "Intemperance destroys the mind and benumbs the senses of man." "You may read this sentence first, and then parse it." "He has equal knowledge, but inferior judgment." "John rises early in the morn ing, and pursues his stud ies.' XVIII. OF INTERJECTIONS. Q. When I exclaim, "Oh! I have ruined my friend," "Alas! I fear for life," which words here appear to be thrown in between the sentences, to express passion or feeling? 282. Oh! Alas! Q. What does interjection mean? 283. Thrown between. Q. What name, then, shall we give such words as oh! alas &c.? 284. INTERJECTIONS. Q. What, then, are interjections? 285. Interjections are words thrown in between the parts of sentences, to express the passions or sudden feelings of the speaker (1.) In vain means the same as vainly. It may, therefore, be called an adverbial phrase, qualifying look, by Rule IX. (2.) Meet agrees with we understood, and is, therefore, connected with pur sue by the conjunction but, according to Rule XI. (3.) Dances and plays both agree with she, understood, and are, therefore connected, the former with reads, and the latter with dances, by Rule XI. LIST OF INTERJECTIONS. 1. Of earnestness or grief; as, "O! oh! alas! ah "" 3. f calling; as, "Halloo! ho! hem!" 5. Of disgust; as, "Foh! fy! fudge! away!" 7. Of contempt; as, "Pish! tush!" 8. Of saluting; as, "Welcome! hail!" Q. Will you examine the foregoing list, and then name an interjection of grief? One of wonder? One of calling? One of attention? One of dis gust? One of silence? One of saluting? Q. How may an interjection generally be known? 286. By its taking an exclamation point after it. EXERCISES IN PARSING. "Oh! I have alienated my friend.” 287. Oh is an INTERJECTION, a word used to express passion or feeling. The remaining words are parsed as before. EXERCISES IN PARSING CONTINUED. "Oh! I must go and see "We eagerly pursue pleasure, Strange! I did not know you." "Hush! our instructer is at the door." "Fy! how angry he is !" (1.) The sense is, "I must go, and I must see;" the verb see, then, agrees with 1, understood, and is, therefore, connected with must go, according to Rule XI. Before, an adverb. Apply, first, Rule V.; ther Rule I. . RECAPITULATION. CRITICAL REMARKS. COMPOSITION. XIX. ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 288. ENGLISH GRAMMAR teaches us to speak and writs Se English language correctly. 289. GRAMMAR is divided into four parts, namely, 290. 1. ORTHOGRAPHY, 2. ETYMOLOGY, 3. SYNTAX, 4. PROSODY. XX. OF ORTHOGRAPHY. 291. ORTHOGRAPHY includes a knowledge of the nature and power of letters, and teaches how to spell words correctly. This part of grammar is usually learned from spelling-books and dictionaries. 292. Orthography means word-making, or spelling. XXI. OF ETYMOLOGY. 293. ETYMOLOGY teaches how to form, from all the words in the English language, several grand divisions or sorts, commonly called Parts of Speech. 294. It includes a knowledge of the meaning and use of words-also their different changes and derivations. 995. Etymology signifies the origin or pedigree of words. XIX. What does English grammar teach? 288. Into how many parts is it divided? 289. XX. What does orthography include end teach? 291 How is a knowledge of orthography usually obtained? 291. What does orthography mean? 292. What does the word signify? 295 |