John M. Schofield and the Politics of GeneralshipIn the first full biography of Lieutenant General John McAllister Schofield (1831-1906), Donald B. Connelly examines the career of one of the leading commanders in the western theater during the Civil War. In doing so, Connelly illuminates the role of politics in the formulation of military policy, during both war and peace, in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Connelly relates how Schofield, as a department commander during the war, had to cope with contending political factions that sought to shape military and civil policies. Following the war, Schofield occupied every senior position in the army--including secretary of war and commanding general of the army--and became a leading champion of army reform and professionalism. He was the first senior officer to recognize that professionalism would come not from the separation of politics and the military but from the army's accommodation of politics and the often contentious American constitutional system. Seen through the lens of Schofield's extensive military career, the history of American civil-military relations has seldom involved conflict between the military and civil authority, Connelly argues. The central question has never been whether to have civilian control but rather which civilians have a say in the formulation and execution of policy. |
Contents
1 | |
12 | |
2 Saving Missouri | 23 |
3 Take Care of Missouri | 40 |
4 If Both Factions Shall Abuse You | 63 |
5 Escape to the Front | 84 |
6 The FranklinNashville Campaign | 114 |
7 To the Eastto the End | 147 |
10 The Rocky Road of Reform | 219 |
11 The Mistake of My Life | 249 |
12 Uncertain Future | 269 |
13 Incremental Reformer | 301 |
14 In Retirement and in Retrospect | 323 |
Notes | 343 |
Bibliography | 427 |
451 | |
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a√airs academy African American appointed April Army and Navy army’s artillery Atlanta Atlanta campaign attack August authority battle Battle of Franklin Blair brigadier cadets campaign cavalry chief Civil civilian Colonel command Confederate Congress court-martial Curtis December defense Democrats di√erent di≈cult division e√ect e√orts enemy federal flank force Forty-Six Fremont Gamble George Governor Grant guerrilla Halleck Hood Hood’s Hooker Indian infantry January John John Schofield Johnson July lieutenant Lincoln Lyon major March Marszalek memoirs ment military o≈cers militia Missouri NARA Nashville Navy Journal November o√ered o≈ce o≈cers o≈cials Philip Sheridan political Porter position president Proctor professional promotion radical rebel Reconstruction reform regiments regular army Republican retirement Scho Schofield Papers Schofield to secretary secretary of war Senate senior o≈cers September Sheridan soldiers Stanley Stanton Tennessee Thomas Thomas’s tion troops U.S. War Department Union Union army United USMA USMA Archives West Point William Wilson’s XXIII Corps
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