Oceanography: An Illustrated GuideOceans cover over 70% of the planet's surface and are essential to life on earth, yet their deepest mysteries remained unexplored until very recently when 20th century technological advances allowed the vast expansion of our frontiers of knowledge, and worldwide interest in oceanography grew rapidly.Combining the skills of 40 contributors from worl |
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Page 8
... sea water experiences with depth, marine chemists prefer to express sea water concentrations in molal units, mol/kg. How the Science of Oceanography Developed M.B. Deacon 1.1 1.2 8 Standard International (SI) Units Commonly Used SI Units.
... sea water experiences with depth, marine chemists prefer to express sea water concentrations in molal units, mol/kg. How the Science of Oceanography Developed M.B. Deacon 1.1 1.2 8 Standard International (SI) Units Commonly Used SI Units.
Page 9
... sea, but were often frustrated by its sheer size and complexity and the practical difficulties involved. During the ... water movements in straits, and the water balance of the ocean. Aristotle believed that the presence of water vapour ...
... sea, but were often frustrated by its sheer size and complexity and the practical difficulties involved. During the ... water movements in straits, and the water balance of the ocean. Aristotle believed that the presence of water vapour ...
Page 10
... sea its heat evaporates the water below. This creates a depression in the sea surface so that currents flow in from either side to restore its level. The evaporated water falls as rain in higher latitudes, so that the circulation is ...
... sea its heat evaporates the water below. This creates a depression in the sea surface so that currents flow in from either side to restore its level. The evaporated water falls as rain in higher latitudes, so that the circulation is ...
Page 11
... sea bed the float disengaged and rose to the surface through its own buoyancy. The depth of water was calculated from the time this took. Robert Hooke improved the basic design of the apparatus (Figure 1.2); during the next 150 years ...
... sea bed the float disengaged and rose to the surface through its own buoyancy. The depth of water was calculated from the time this took. Robert Hooke improved the basic design of the apparatus (Figure 1.2); during the next 150 years ...
Page 12
... water movements5. The existence of a current flowing into the Mediterranean ... sea's level would otherwise have fallen below that of the ocean outside ... sea or other salt water evaporates. A German scientist, J.S. von Waitz, who was ...
... water movements5. The existence of a current flowing into the Mediterranean ... sea's level would otherwise have fallen below that of the ocean outside ... sea or other salt water evaporates. A German scientist, J.S. von Waitz, who was ...
Contents
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5 | |
6 | |
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8 | |
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27 | |
3 The Role of Ocean Circulation in the Changing Climate | 41 |
12 The Marine Carbonate System | 182 |
Animals in the Deep Sea | 195 |
14 Light Colour and Vision in the Ocean | 212 |
15 Ocean Diversity | 228 |
16 Life in Estuaries Salt Marshes Lagoons and Coastal Waters | 244 |
17 Artificial Reefs | 259 |
18 Scientific Diving | 273 |
19 Marine Instrumentation | 280 |
4 Ocean Weather Eddies in the Sea | 59 |
5 Observing Oceans from Space | 69 |
6 Marine Phytoplankton Blooms | 89 |
7 Snow Falls in the Open Ocean | 96 |
8 The Evolution and Structure of Ocean Basins | 113 |
9 Slides Debris Flows and Turbidity Currents | 136 |
10 MidOcean Ridges and Hydrothermal Activity | 152 |
A Global Chemical System | 165 |
20 The Sea Floor Exploring a Hidden World | 300 |
21 Ocean Resources | 314 |
22 Waste Disposal in the Deep Ocean | 338 |
Some Commonly Used Words and Terms | 346 |
Acronyms | 347 |
Back Cover | 348 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abyssal Plain acoustic animals artificial reefs asthenosphere atmosphere benthic biological bioluminescence bloom carbon changes Chapter chemical climate coastal colour concentration continental continental slope Courtesy cycle debris flow deep ocean deep water deep-sea density deposits depth dissolved distribution Earth eddies energy environment equation estuary euphausiids example Figure fish flux global habitat heat hydrothermal hydrothermal vent increase instruments latitudes layer light lithosphere marine snow material measurements ment metres Mid-Atlantic Ridge mid-ocean mid-ocean ridge North Atlantic observations occur ocean basins oceanic crust Oceanography offshore organic oxygen Pacific particles pelagic phytoplankton plankton processes production profiles radiation range reflected regions ridge rocks salinity samples satellite scale scientists sea bed sea floor sea surface sea water sedi sediment sensors ships side-scan sonar slope sonar Southampton species surface waters temperature tion transport turbidite turbidity current velocity vent vertical water column waves wind zone zooplankton