PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES ON VERBS, AND CASES OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS.

Each to be explained.

Tie John's shoes; this is Jane's bonnet; ask mamma; he has learned his lesson; she invited him; your father may commend you; he was baptized; the minister baptized him; we should have delivered our message; papa will reprove us; divide the apples; the captain had commanded his soldiers to pursue the enemy; Eliza diverted her brother; a hunter killed a hare; were I loved; were we good we should be happy.

An Active or a Neuter Verb may be conjugated through all its moods and tenses, by adding its present participle to the verb To Be: Thus,

INDICATIVE MOOD.

The present and past indicative are also conjugated by the assistance of " Do:" thus,

Present.

I do love.

Thou dost love.

He doth love.

Past.

I did love.

Thou didst love.
He did love.

RULE I.

Verbs ending in ss, sh, ch, x, or o, form the second and third persons singular of the Indicative Mood by adding est or es: as, 1st person,

dress; 2nd person, dressest; 3rd person, dresses-Fix, fixest, fixes; Go, goest, goes,

&c.

RULE II.

Verbs in y, change y into i before the terminations est, es, eth, or ed-but not before ing. Y, with a vowel before it, is not changed into i. Thus,

Pres. Try, triest, tries, or trieth. Past. tried. Part. trying. Pres. Pray, prayest, prays, or Past. prayed.Part. praying. prayeth,

RULE III.

Verbs accented on the last syllable, and verbs of one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before the terminations est, eth, ed, ing-but never before s. Thus,

Allot, allottest, allots, allotteth, allotted, allotting.
Blot, blottest, blots, blotteth, blotted, blotting.

IRREGULAR VERBS.

Irregular verbs are those which do not form (like the regular verb) their past tense and past participle by adding d or ed to the present tense; thus, the verbs arise, begin, know, &c., are irregular, because we cannot say arised, beginned, or knowed; but, as a reference to the following alphabetical list will show, they are thus formed: Present, arise; past, arose; part. past, arisen ; so of Begin, began, begun; Know, knew, known, &c.

There are various kinds of Irregular Verbs with which the young student should render himself familiar; such, for instance, as those which have the present and past tenses and perfect participle precisely the same; as, present tense, cost; past, cost; part. cost. Others have the past tense and perfect participle the same; as, sell, sold, sold; abide, abode, abode, &c.

Many verbs become irregular by contraction; as, feed, fed; leave, left, &c. Some by the termination en; as, fall, fell, fallen; others by the termination ght; as, teach, taught, &c.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS.

Shewing the Present, Past, and Participle of each.

The recollection of these verbs is so important that the juvenile pupil should be frequently examined as to his knowledge of their irregular formations.

*Those verbs which are conjugated regularly, as well as irregularly, are marked with an R.

*Hang, to take away life by hanging, is regular; as, The robber

was hanged, but the gown was hung up.