Aspects of Disease Transmission by Ticks

andersoni apertus arthropods Babesia bite blood meal burrow cattle cells cent central nervous system colour coxa coxal fluid coxal glands Dermacentor disease distribution domestic animals domestic strains domesticus dorsal duttoni East African eggs farm febrile feeding females FOGGIE forest forms Gordon Groot Marico haemolymph hairs hard ticks Heisch Hyalomma hypostome immune to louping-ill infected ticks inoculation Ixodes ricinus Kenya Kyasanur Forest disease lambs larvae louping ill louping-ill and tick-borne louping-ill virus MACLEOD male mammals mammillae Meru microorganisms Mwitikira Naivasha natural infection nymph nymph imago nymph stage observed occur optical density organs Ornithodorus moubata parasites pasture pathogens piroplasms porcinus posterior pyaemia pyridine-haemochromogen Q-fever relapsing fever Rhipicephalus rickettsia salivary glands setae sheep Shinyanga showed skin South spirochaetes staphylococci susceptible Tanganyika temperature tick infestation tick population tick pyaemia tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne fever tissue transmission transmitted turicata vaccine Varma vector vertebrate hosts viruses