EUI Working Paper: SPSEuropean University Institute, 1996 - Europe |
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Page 15
... free trade orientation was thus maintained for reasons having little to do with partisan competition . In the case of Switzerland , openness was the pre - 1848 status quo for merely institutional reasons . Before 1848 , openness ...
... free trade orientation was thus maintained for reasons having little to do with partisan competition . In the case of Switzerland , openness was the pre - 1848 status quo for merely institutional reasons . Before 1848 , openness ...
Page 21
... Freetraders ( supported by pastoralists and traders ) and Protectionists ( manufacturers and their employees ) . The Protectionists won in 1908 , the Labour party converted to protection in 1910 , and a new free trade party ( the ...
... Freetraders ( supported by pastoralists and traders ) and Protectionists ( manufacturers and their employees ) . The Protectionists won in 1908 , the Labour party converted to protection in 1910 , and a new free trade party ( the ...
Page 24
... free trade in one ( Spain ) , protected and then opened again in 9 ( the United States , Australia , Switzerland , Belgium , the Netherlands , Denmark , Sweden , Norway , and tentatively in France ) , and remained wedded to protection ...
... free trade in one ( Spain ) , protected and then opened again in 9 ( the United States , Australia , Switzerland , Belgium , the Netherlands , Denmark , Sweden , Norway , and tentatively in France ) , and remained wedded to protection ...
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agrarians American Political Science Arpád SZAKOLCZAI Australia Austria Austria-Hungary autarky autocracies Belgium Britain Canada capital Caprivi chap coalition theory competition conservative contested democracy coopted crisis Daniel VERDIER Democratization and Trade Denmark depression dominant Economic election electoral European University Institute factor mobility farmers France free trade French Second Republic Germany Giandomenico MAJONE grain Heckscher-Ohlin model included Industrial Capitalist Countries industrialists insider-to-outsider ratio insiders International Italy labor land Liberalization in Industrial median voter monarchies Netherlands Non-demo Norway organizational talent OUTCOME REGIME TYPE outsiders partisan realignment party POLICY OUTCOME REGIME political contestation prediction present theory protection protectionist reflect REGIME TYPE low rent seeking rise in political Rogowski Russia scarce factor Schriften des Vereins Social Spain Stolper-Samuelson Theorem surge in political Sweden Switzerland tariff total transfers Trade Liberalization trade orientation Trade Policy trade preferences Type and Trade TYPE low rent United variable Vereins für Socialpolitik whereas Zealand