EUI Working Paper: SPSEuropean University Institute, 1996 - Europe |
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Page 14
... parliamentary democracy . Until then , trade policy had reflected the preferences of Dutch merchants for navigation laws and agrarians for grain tariffs . Grain tariffs were lowered during the constitutional debate , while protection ...
... parliamentary democracy . Until then , trade policy had reflected the preferences of Dutch merchants for navigation laws and agrarians for grain tariffs . Grain tariffs were lowered during the constitutional debate , while protection ...
Page 22
... parliamentary regime . Once unification was completed in 1870 , political elites institutionalized rent seeking . Wary that a two - party dynamic might endanger the geographic integrity of the new state , right and left agreed to rig ...
... parliamentary regime . Once unification was completed in 1870 , political elites institutionalized rent seeking . Wary that a two - party dynamic might endanger the geographic integrity of the new state , right and left agreed to rig ...
Page 23
... parliamentary monarchy ( turno pacifico ) identical to Italy brought an immediate end to trade liberalization followed , in 1891 , by a rise in protection ( Gwinner 1892 , 70-80 ) . The only exception to the hypothesis that monarchies ...
... parliamentary monarchy ( turno pacifico ) identical to Italy brought an immediate end to trade liberalization followed , in 1891 , by a rise in protection ( Gwinner 1892 , 70-80 ) . The only exception to the hypothesis that monarchies ...
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agrarians American Political Science Arpád SZAKOLCZAI Australia Austria Austria-Hungary autarky autocracies Belgium Britain Canada capital Caprivi chap coalition theory competition conservative contested democracy coopted crisis Daniel VERDIER Democratization and Trade Denmark depression dominant Economic election electoral European University Institute factor mobility farmers France free trade French Second Republic Germany Giandomenico MAJONE grain Heckscher-Ohlin model included Industrial Capitalist Countries industrialists insider-to-outsider ratio insiders International Italy labor land Liberalization in Industrial median voter monarchies Netherlands Non-demo Norway organizational talent OUTCOME REGIME TYPE outsiders partisan realignment party POLICY OUTCOME REGIME political contestation prediction present theory protection protectionist reflect REGIME TYPE low rent seeking rise in political Rogowski Russia scarce factor Schriften des Vereins Social Spain Stolper-Samuelson Theorem surge in political Sweden Switzerland tariff total transfers Trade Liberalization trade orientation Trade Policy trade preferences Type and Trade TYPE low rent United variable Vereins für Socialpolitik whereas Zealand