The Classical Theory of Fields

angle angular arbitrary average axis body calculate cartesian consider const constant contravariant coordinate system corresponding covariant covariant derivative curl curvature curvilinear coordinates density derivatives determine differentiation diffraction direction distance electric field electromagnetic field element energy energy-momentum tensor equal equation of motion field produced finite formula four-dimensional four-momentum four-vector four-velocity Fraunhofer diffraction frequency function geometrical optics given grad gravitational field inertial integral intensity interval Lagrangian magnetic field mass Maxwell equations metric tensor momentum obtain optical system particle perpendicular plane wave point in space propagation quantities radius vector rays reference system relation rotation scalar Section sin² Solution Substituting system of charges system of reference tensor gik theory of relativity three-dimensional tion transformation values vector potential velocity of light wave surface wave vector write zero