encouraged, if he receives a word of praise or commendation from his parents and teachers.

3. All nations and all classes of people manifest a love for approbation, but in different ways, which depends greatly on circumstances and education.

4. The people who live in China, press the feet of their children, and bandage them as soon as they are born, to prevent their growth. They admire small feet, and are willing to torture themselves and their children, in order to gratify this feeling of Approbativeness.

5. The Flat-headed Indians, on the other hand, think that a flat forehead is a mark of beauty; so all their little infants have their foreheads pressed backward, and have a bandage put around the head, in order that the brain need not grow and expand in the forehead. Others press different parts of their heads for the same purpose.

6. There are many Indian tribes, who paint their bodies with various colors, wear beads in their noses, and earrings in their ears, and cut and disfigure their bodies, solely for the sake of pleasing others.

7. The same feeling is shown in more civilized nations, by extravagant and showy dress, or by pressing in the ribs, instead of the head or feet, to make small waists. Although it is silly and ridiculous to do either of the former, yet the effects are not so injurious as the latter; for, when the ribs are compressed, all the vital organs suffer, and life is shortened.

3. How extensive is the influence of this organ? Is there any difference ? 4. What is a custom among the Chinese ? What do they admire? 5. What do the Flat-headed Indians consider a mark of beauty? What is their peculiar custom? 6. What are the customs of other Indian tribes? 7. How is this feeling exhibited in civilized nations? Why are the effects of this latter custom more injurious than the former?

8. Some wear a quantity of jewels, and buy a great deal of fine furniture, to gratify this faculty.

9. Love of approbation is one of the strongest motives and incentives to all our actions. We speak, look, and act, not so much to gratify our own feelings, or to secure our own happiness, but to gratify others, and make them happy.

10. This same principle induces many people to dress themselves in their finest clothes, when they walk out, and to open their parlors, and sit in them, when they have company.

11. Little girls exhibit a fondness for dress and show very early. Why? Because they desire to be praised; they are fond of approbation.

12. There is another way in which Approbativeness is developed, viz.: in ambition. Said a little boy: "Mother told me, when I become a man, I may go on a voyage round Cape Horn." The little boy never thought of the hardships which he would be obliged to encounter, the heat and the cold he must endure, but looked forward to this event with bright anticipations; his ambition would be gratified, he could do as his father was doing, and he would then be satisfied.

13. Napoleon Bonaparte had unbounded ambition; he desired to conquer the whole world, and bring all nations in subjection to his power.

14. When king Alexander had conquered almost all

8. In what way do others show this faculty? 9. What is a powerful motive to action?, How do we show it? 10. Name some of the other ways in which this faculty is exhibited? 11. What do little girls easily exhibit? What is the cause of this? 12. What is the next way in which Approbativeness is developed? Give an example of the little boy. Of what did he never think? Why would he be satisfied? 13. In what is Bonaparte an example of ambition"

the eastern world, and was pushing his armies onward to new conquests, he wept because there were not more worlds to conquer.

5. Approbativeness is exhibited by the desire to excel others. There are many students, who will sit up all night to study, in order that they may excel all others in their class. They thus weaken their bodies, and impair their minds, so that they can do very little good with their knowledge when gained.

16. Boys show this organ in their sports; they will try to leap a little farther than the one who performed last, and by over-exertions often injure themselves.

17. You have all probably heard of the illustrious Sam Patch, who leaped over the Falls of Niagara. He was very desirous to have the praise and approbation of others, and could not think of anything else by which to gain it; so he jumped twenty, thirty, forty, and one hundred feet; and, in the presence of ten thousand persons, leaped at Niagara Falls-from a scaffold raised for that purpose-into the water, and being excited by the applauses of the people, he proposed to jump at the Genesee Falls, which are ninety-six feet high, from a scaffold twenty-five feet high, which made one hundred and twenty-one feet in height; but this last leap proved that "he took one leap too much;" for he was drowned in the waters, never to rise again. He was another instance of the folly of too great ambition.

18. When this feeling is excessive, it frequently leads

15. What is another way in

14. How did Alexander show ambition? which this organ is exhibited? What do students often do? What are the effects of this course? 16. In what way do boys show this organ? 17. Who was Sam Patch? Of what was he desirous? What did he do to obtain this? What was his last proposition, and how did it end?

to selfishness, as I will show by the following story. It makes some people irritable and uneasy, when they cannot succeed in doing what they attempt to do.

19. Let us look at those two boys in the next field, who are sailing their kites. John and William played very pleasantly together, till John's kite began to ascend higher than William's. He said this was not fair play, and told John he thought it was time to go home; but John, who enjoyed the sport very much, replied, that he was not quite ready, and, moreover, their parents had given them the whole afternoon for play. William had very large Approbativeness, and could not endure the idea of being excelled by another in anything.

20. He began, therefore, to feel quite uneasy; still, John's kite continued to ascend in the air, with the rapid speed of a bird, till it really appeared very beautiful, as it was wafted along by the light breeze. As John turned his head, William cut the string, and then the kite came tumbling, tumbling, down through the air, as a man totters along when he has drank so much rum that his muscles cannot support him.

21. Here was trouble. John, although a very good and kind-hearted boy, could not help crying, and told William he would never play with him again.

What shall we call William ?

Every one would say, "A very, very selfish boy."

22. The kite happened to fall where John could easily find it, and, being pacified, they went out again the next

18. What are the effects of the excessive exercise of this organ? 19. Relate the story of John and William. Why did William begin to feel uneasy? 20. What is said of John's kite? What did William do, and what was the effect of it? 21. How did John feel? What was William? 22. Why did John become reconciled to William?

day to play. William had fixed his kite, and put on some new bobbin, to see if his could not equal John's. They tried again. They unrolled their cord; away went the bobbin and away went their kites; they mounted together, but very soon John's again rose higher and higher, till it appeared like a little speck in the air.

23. William was much displeased, and was strongly inclined to use his Combativeness; but, as they had not much time that day for play, they soon returned home.

John ran off to school light-hearted, but William thought during the whole day of the speed of John's kite. On his way home from school, he recollected that John had told him he intended to go on an errand for his mother. In passing by his father's yard, he saw the kite lying in one corner, as John had left it in the morning. A wicked thought came into his mind—to exchange one for the other. As they lived very near each other, this was done without attracting the notice of

any one. 24. The next play-day William proposed to John to go out again and have a fine time. In the meantime William had painted John's kite, and marked it all over, so that he would not recognize it. They let out their kites in the air, when lo! William's soared up to the clouds, while John's-who did not notice but that he had his own-could not succeed at all.

25. William's Approbativeness was gratified. Do you think, children, that William was happy? no! there was something within that troubled him, and told him

22. What is said of their next attempt? 23. What were the feelings of William? What did William recollect? What resulted from this remembrance? Did he succeed? 24. Did they play again together? Why did not John recognize his kite? How did they succeed this after noon? 25. What was William's motive?