Glass, Volume 1 |
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Page 99
The rate of change of thermal bleaching with respect to time is , in general ,
smaller for glasses containing copper cadmium halides than it is for glasses
containing silver halides . That is , the initial fade rate of a copper cadmium glass
may be ...
The rate of change of thermal bleaching with respect to time is , in general ,
smaller for glasses containing copper cadmium halides than it is for glasses
containing silver halides . That is , the initial fade rate of a copper cadmium glass
may be ...
Page 111
Fournier and Shaw ( 1974 ) also studied the influence of copper on darkening
level and initial fade rates at various temperatures . They observed that at room
temperature , increased copper decreased the equilibrium darkening level and ...
Fournier and Shaw ( 1974 ) also studied the influence of copper on darkening
level and initial fade rates at various temperatures . They observed that at room
temperature , increased copper decreased the equilibrium darkening level and ...
Page 112
Minoru Tomozawa, R. H. Doremus. extent of the competitive electron trapping by
the cupric ion . Let n be the fraction of copper initially in the crystal as cupric ions .
Then Cu2 + = A + nT and Cut = ( 1 – n ) T - A where T is the total copper in the ...
Minoru Tomozawa, R. H. Doremus. extent of the competitive electron trapping by
the cupric ion . Let n be the fraction of copper initially in the crystal as cupric ions .
Then Cu2 + = A + nT and Cut = ( 1 – n ) T - A where T is the total copper in the ...
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absorption alkali annealing applied assumed atoms band birefringence bleaching bond borate glasses Bray Brillouin calculations caused Ceram charge Chem coefficient color composition concentration conductivity considered constant containing coordination copper crystal crystalline curve darkening density dependence described detailed determined dielectric diffusion discussed distribution effect electron energy equation equilibrium et al experimental fading field fluctuations frequency function given gives heat treatment hole increased indicated intensity ions levels light liquid material measured mole negative observed obtained optical oxide oxygen particles phase photochromic Phys polarization positive present probably produce properties range ratio reduced relaxation reported respectively sample scattering separation shift shown in Fig silicate glasses silver halide similar SiO2 sodium Solids spectra spectrum strain stretching structural studied Taylor techniques temperature term thermal tion transition trapped units unpublished wavelengths York