heavy falls of fleet and rain, almoft without clothing, frequently without fuftenance, without medicines, without tents, littered down in cold and damp churches and other public buildings, expired daily and nightly by hundreds, the compaffionable victims of a fatal and unparalleled delufion.

This last retreat was equivalent to a formal furrender of Holland into the hands of the French. In vain had the ftadtholder endeavoured by manifeftoes and proclainations to induce the Dutch nation to rife in a mafs for the defence of their country. He who had long been the object of their hatred now became no lefs fo of their contempt. Utrecht, Rotterdam, and Dort, furrendered to the French without refiftance; and the ftadtholder, with his family, not without difficulty, and attended by all the marks of popular refentment during his fhort abode at the Hague, made his escape in an open boat from Scheveling on the 19th of January. On the fucceeding day general Pichegru, who had conducted himself with uniform mildness and moderation, made his public entry into Amfterdam; and, by order of the States-General, every other fortrefs in the republic opened its gates to the French. On the 27th of January the provisional representatives of the people of Holland assembled, and a decree immediately paffed for the total abolition of the fladtholderate, and the eftablishment, under the protection of the republic of France, of a new provisional government for the United Provinces.-SUCH was the termination of this ever-memorable campaign, conceived on the part of the British miniftry in the fpirit of madness, and conducted in that of the most complete imbecility.

The events of the war in which the Auftrians and the auxiliary army of Pruffians on the fide of the Mofelle were engaged, during thefe tranfactions in the Low Countries, are of little comparative moment.

At

At the latter end of May, the Pruffian general Mullendorf, who was obliged to make fome flight show of cooperation, furprised the French in their entrenchments-at Keyferflautern, and defeated them with confiderable lofs. In the month of July the French in their turn, under the brave general Defaix, attacked the Pruffians, and carried, amid a terrible fire, the important pofts occupied by prince Hohenloe on the Platoberg, a high mountain in the territory of Deux-Ponts. In a few days they repeated their attack upon the whole chain of posts from Neuftadt to the Rhine with fplendid fuccefs, and both Auftrians and Pruffians were obliged to retreat with the greatest precipitation. The Imperial army re-croffed the Rhine, and the Pruffians retired towards Gunterfbloom and Mentz. The recent acquifition of Keyferflautern was abandoned to the republicans, who again occupied the cities of Worms, Spire, and Treves: and this was the whole equivalent received from the king of Pruffia in return for the enormous fubfidy of two millions granted by the British parliament to that selfish, crafty, and unprincipled monarch,

On the fide of Spain and Italy alfo the armies of the republic were eminently fuccefsful. In the beginning of February, 1794, a battle was fought near St. Jean de Luz, in which the French were conquerors. In the month of May another victory was gained near Ceret; and foon afterwards a third, of far more importance than the former two, over the principal Spanish army posted in the vicinity of Collioure, by general Dugommier, the whole of the baggage and artillery falling into the hands of the French. A column was ordered by the Convention to be erected in memory of this exploit. The cities of Urgel, St. Elmo, and Bellegarde, furrendered to the armies of France, conducted by the heroic Dugommier. The Spaniards alfo, under their general, the count de l'Union, fought with great bravery, but were overpowered by fuperior skill and numbers. Soon after the capture of Bellegarde, general Dugommier obtained

I 2

obtained another fignal victory, but was, at the clofe of it, unfortunately killed by the bursting of a fhell. His death was avenged in a fhort time by the defeat and death of his gallant opponent, the count de l'Union. On the western fide great advantages were gained by general Moncey, and the towns of Fontarabia and St. Sebaftian fell into the hands of the French, and a deep and dangerous impreffion was made upon the whole extent of the Pyrénéan frontier.

In Italy, to use the inflated style of M. Barrère, in his report to the Convention, victory was alfo in a ftate of permanence. The Piedmontefe had, at the command of the Sardinian monarch, rifen in a mafs; but, being deftitute of the enthusiasm of liberty, they conftituted a body without a foul. The French forced the famous pafs of Mount Cenis, took poffeffion of the city and territory of Oneglia, and made themselves mafters of a great part of the open country of Piedmont.

It is now time to avert our eyes from scenes of disaster and disgrace, and to take a concife view of the naval war, in which England maintained in all parts of the world her great and wonted fuperiority. A very formidable armament, destined to act in the West Indies under the command of two most diftinguished and gallant officers, fir Charles Grey and fir John Jervis, rendezvoufed early in the year in Carlisle-bay at Barbadoes, whence they failed, on the 3d of February, to the attack of Martinico, which furrendered, after a resolute resistance of feven weeks. About the fame period Cape Tiburon, and fome other pofts in St. Domingo, were reduced to fubmiffion by colonel Whitlock and commodore Ford, No fooner was the reduction of Martinico effected than the troops were re-embarked, and landed on the island of St. Lucia, which capitulated on the 4th of April; and upon the 11th of the fame month the fleet and army arrived off Guadaloupe, which, after a fhort but brave defence, furrendered, with its dependencies, on the 20th. After thefe glorious fucceffes fir Charles Grey

returned

returned to Martinico, leaving general Dundas, brother to the minifter, an officer of diftinguifhed merit, to command at Guadaloupe. The fequel of the hiftory of this expedition is lefs flattering. General Dundas died of the fever incident to the climate at Guadaloupe, after a few days illaefs, early in June. This great lofs was followed by other difaftrous circumstances. A French fquadron off the island, June the 5th, from which a body of troops landing under the command of the celebrated Victor Hugues, attacked Fort Fleur d'Epée, which they carried by ftorm; and the English retreated with confiderable lofs to Fort Louis. This alfo was foon, evacuated; and the troops, fhattered and difheartened, took refuge in Baffeterre. Sir Charles Grey, on the first intelligence of this attempt, failed from St. Kitt's with all the force he could collect, and, landing on the island of Guadaloupe on the 19th of June, he made an attempt, July 2, on the post of Point-à-Petre; but fortune, upon this occafion, was not propitious, and the general was, after great efforts of valor, repulfed, with the lofs of 600 men. After this the forces were re-embarked; and Baffe-terre, after a long and vigorous refiftance, with the whole ifland and its dependencies, again reverted to France.

The progrefs of the English arms in the Mediterranean, fubfequent to the evacuation of Toulon, was also flattering. Early in the month of February, 1794, lord Hood proceeded for Corfica, which was in a state of revolt against the Convention, the infurgents being excited to this refiftance by the English influence, under the conduct of their ancient and popular chief, Pafchal Paoli, who had been fome years fince restored to his country with honor by the Conftituent Affembly. Mortella, Tornelli, and St. Fiorenza, being fucceffively furrendered or evacuated, the Corficans who adhered to the French intereft retreated to Baftia, which held out against the united efforts of the Anglo-Corficans and English till the 24th of May, when

it capitulated on honourable terms; and the whole island, excepting Calvi, which held out till Auguft, fubmitted to the English. This appears to have been the favourite conqueft of the war. Letters of convocation were forthwith iffued for the Affembly of the General Confult to be held at Corte, the ancient capital of Corfica, on Sunday the 8th of June, 1794, of which general Paoli was elected prefident. The representatives of the Corfican nation immediately voted the union of Corfica with the British crown, and a conftitutional act was framed extremely fimilar to the French model of 1791, which had been fo lately branded by lord Aukland, ambaffador at the Hague, as the work of miscreants, and the offspring of prefumption and vanity. Sir Gilbert Elliot, reprefentative of his Britannic majesty, formally accepted this act on his part, and immediately affumed the magnificent title of Viceroy. "Our minds have been prepared by PROVIDENCE," faid his Excellency, "for the fate which awaited us. The event of this happy day is only the completion of wishes we had previously formed. To-day our hands are joined, but our hearts have long been united; and our motto should be— Amici e non di ventura."

The most remarkable features of this democratic form of monarchy, which gratuitously granted more than had even been asked by the most daring reformers of Britain, were the establishment of the right of univerfal fuffragethe diffolution of the legislative body at the end of two years-no fenate or house of nobles-municipalities chosen by the people in every pieve or diftrict; and, laftly, the unlimited right of toleration without tefts or penal laws.

Far from admitting, as was formerly required of America, the unlimited and unconditional power of the British legislature to make laws for Corfica in all cafes whatsoever, the Constitutional Act merely and coldly fays, "That the parliament of Corfica will always manifest its readiness and deference to adopt all regulations, confiftent with its prefent conftitution,