shall thy seed be."] [Examples of the 14th and 15th Rules. "Socrates and Plato were wise; they were the most eminent philosophers of Greece." "John and James are good scholars; they intend to be wise: therefore they are industrious." "Sincerity and truth form the basis of every virtue." "Joseph or Asa intends to accompany him." "Either David or his brother is the lad which is wanted." "He or his brother is the one which was there."] The Conjunction is sometimes properly omitted. Ex. "The sun that rolls over our heads, the food that we receive, the rest that we enjoy, daily admonish us of a superiour and superintending Power. Of Adverbs. Adverbs are used to * Adverbs should genexpress some quality erally stand before the or circumstance re- adjectives which they specting verbs, adjec- qualify; and after the tives, or other ad- verbs which they qualiverbs.* Some adverbs are compared, thus; Soon, sooner, soonest; often, oftener, oftenest. Those ending in ly, are compared by more and most: as, Wisely, more wisely, most wisely; happily, more happily, most happily. Adverbs are chiefly of 12 classes; viz. 1. Of Number: as, Once, twice, thrice, &c. 2. Of Order: as, Finally, lastly, first, secondly, &c. 3. Of Place: as, Here, there, where, elsewhere, any where, somewhere, nowhere, whither, upward, downward, forward, backward, whence, hence, whithersoever, &c. D fy, or between the members of a compound verb. Ex. "He made a very sensible discourse; he spoke unwas attentively heard by the affectedly and forcibly, and whole assembly." The adverb there is often used without adding any thing to the sense; in which case it precedes the verb and nominative : : as, "There is a person at the door ;" which would be as well, or better expressed by saying, "A person is at the door.". Sometimes it gives a small degree of emphasis to a sentence: as, There was a man sent from God, whose name was John." ently, immediately, *The adverb never generally precedes the straitway, often, sel- verb: as, "I never was dom, never, &c.* 5. Of Quantity: as, Much, little, sufficiently, how great, enough, abundantly, &c. 6. Of Quality: as, Badly, cheerfully, admirably, wisely, foolishly, justly, unjustly, &c. 7. Of Manner: as, Quickly, slowly, readily, &c. there." [We have examples of adverbs being used for nouns : as, "In 1687, he erected it into a community of regulars; since when, it has begun to increase in those countries as a religious order;" i. e. "since which time." "A little while, and 8. Of Doubt: as, Perhaps, peradventure, I shall not see you possibly, &c. 9. Of Affirmation : i. e. "A short time." "It is worth their as, Verily, truly, un- while." i. e. "It dedoubtedly, doubtless, serves their time and certainly, yea, yes,sure- pains."] ly, indeed, really, &c.] [10. Of Negation: as, Nay, no, not, by no means, not at all, in no wise, &c. R. 16. 11. Of Interrogation: as, How, why, wherefore, &c. 12. Of Comparison: as, More, most, better, best, worse, worst, less, least, very, almost, little, alike, &c. There are many adverbs formed by a combination of of preposi R. 16. Two negatives, in English, destroy each other, or are equivalent to an affirmative. 66 [Examples. "Nor did they not i. e. perceive him." They did perceive him." "His language, though inelegant, is not ungrammatical." i. e. "It is grammatical." Some writers have improperly employed tions with the adverbs two negatives instead of place, here, there, and of one: as, "Never no where; as, Hereof, imitator grew up to his thereof, whereof; here- author :" meaning, by, thereby, whereby; "Never did an imitaherewith, therewith, tor grow up to his auherein, thor."] wherein; wherewith; The word therefore is a conjunction when it is not subjoined to another conjunction.] "I cannot by no means allow him what his argument must prove" instead of, I can by no means," &c. "Nor is danger ever apprehended in such a government, no more than we commonly apprehend danger from thunder or earthquakes." It should be, "any more," &c. Of Tenses, Conjugation, and Passive Voice. [Having treated of the nature and importance of Verbs, and of their different Moods or modes, in a preceding chapter, let us take a further view of their inflections. And,] 1. OF TENSES. Tense is the distinction of Time made by verbs. They have six variations to distinguish Time, called The Present, the Imperfect, the Perfect, the Pluperfect, and the First and Second Future Tenses. Ex. Present, Perfect, time. Indicative Pluperfect, He had loved it: 1. Future, He will love it: 2. Future, He will have loved it. 1. The Present Tense represents an action or event as passing or existing at the time in which it is mentioned. Ex. He rules, He is ruled. 2. The Imperfect Tense represents an action or event either as past, or as passing at a certain time past. Ex. "Behold how he loved him." "He was writing." 3. The Perfect Tense refers to what is past, and also conveys an allusion to the present time. Ex. They have learned their lesson. |