Civil Engineering MaterialsThis book deals with properties, applications and analysis of important materials of construction/civil engineering. It offers full coverage of how materials are made or obtained, their physical properties, their mechanical properties, how they are used in construction, how they are tested in the lab, and their strength characteristics--information that is essential for material selection and elementary design. Contains illustrative examples and tables and figures from professional organizations. KEY TOPICS: Considers all common materials of civil engineering/construction--and looks at each in depth: e.g., physical properties, mechanical properties, code provisions, methods of testing, quality control, construction procedures, and material selection. Discusses laboratory testing procedures for selected tests--provides step-by-step descriptions of laboratory test procedures to determine properties of materials. All test procedures are based on relevant ASTM specification. MARKET: For Civil Engineers, Construction Engineers, Architects, and Agricultural Engineers. |
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... electrons , and the atom is said to be electrically neutral . Like the planets that go around the sun , the electrons go around the nucleus in fixed orbits , called electron shells . The size of a shell and the number of electrons in it ...
... electrons in the outer shell . On the other hand , if the outer shell has only seven electrons , as in fluorine , iodine , chlorine , and bromine , the atom is reactive . Hydrogen is very reactive as it has only one electron in the ...
... electrons in a material is con- trolled by the effective speed of movement , called electron mobility . In general , the conduction of electricity depends on the number of electrons that are available , the speed of movement , and the ...