in the former of which capacities he broke, with his official wand, in the precincts of the Palace of Whitehall, the head of Thomas Maye, the Poet and Parliamentary Historiographer; and in the latter, he was near driving the people of Cornwall and Devon (then, as now, the most loyal of counties) into rebellion, by his oppressions and extortions. He was of a most distinguished family: his mother was the sister of Sir Philip Sidney; his brother and predecessor was Chancellor, and a great benefactor of the University of Oxford,-Lord Herbert of Cherbury, and the pious George Herbert were among his kindred; yet is he said to have been so illiterate, as hardly to know how to write his name. But he had a handsome person, which he was an adept at adorning. Though his temper was liable to escapes and sallies which beget a suspicion of insanity, he possessed, in his lucid intervals, the art and mystery of disguise in great perfection, so that an old gossiping writer + calling him the "young worthy Sir Philip," and remarking his sudden favour with King James, observes, "that he carries it without envy, for he is very humble to the great Lords, is desirous to do all men good and hurt none." He was the spoiled child of the court, where he made his appearance in his sixteenth year, "and had not been there two hours but he grew as bold as the best." According to Osborn, he was notorious for "breaking wiser heads than his own;" not always however with impunity, for "having the gift of a coward to allay the gust he had in quarrelling," he received, and did not revenge, a public and personal castigation at a horse-race from Ramsay, afterwards Earl of Holderness.-These certainly were the follies of his youth; and in 1630 he was a widower of forty-five. His large estate, and the reputation of great court interest might induce the Lady Anne to give ear to his addresses, in the hope that he would be the means of recovering her ancestral possessions. But so it is, that men, endued with no other talent, do sometimes possess extraordinary power over the best and wisest women, and not least over those whose youth is fled. What happiness the Countess enjoyed in her new connection, is manifest from the following letter, addressed to her uncle Edward, Earl of Bedford, preserved in the Harleian Collection.

"MY LORD,-Yesterday by Mr. Marshe I received your Lordship's letter, by which I perceived how much you were troubled at the report of my being sick, for which I humbly thank your Lordship. I was

*This Lady was the Countess of Pembroke to whom her brother addresed his "Arcadia"...not the Lady Anne Clifford, as has been absurdly asserted. Sir Philip Sidney was killed three years before Anne was born. What a murderer of pretty tales is that same chronology!

+Rowland White.

so ill as I did make full account to die; but now, I thank God, I am something better. And now, my Lord, give me leave to desire that favour from your Lordship as to speak earnestly to my Lord for my coming up to the town this term, either to Bainarde's Castle, or the Cock-pitt; and I protest I will be ready to return back hither again whensoever my Lord appoints it. I have to this purpose written now to my Lord, and put it enclosed in a letter of mine to my Lady of Carnarvan, as desiring her to deliver it to her father, which I know she will do with all the advantage she can, to further this business; and if your Lordship will join with her in it, you shall afford a charitable and a most acceptable favour to your Lordship's cousin, and humble friend ANNE PEMBROKE."

to command.

Ramossbury, this 14th of January, 1638.

"If my Lord should deny my coming, then I desire your Lordship I may understand it as soon as may be, that so I may order my poor business as well as I can without any one coming to town; for I dare not venture to come up without his leave, lest he should take that occasion to turn me out of his house, as he did out of Whitehall, and then I shall not know where to put my head. I desire not to stay in the town above ten days, or a fortnight at the most.”

Yet in her memoirs she speaks of him as a good wife should ever speak of a deceased husband, were it but for her own credit-just hints at his faults, and magnifies his merits, for she tells us he had a very quick apprehension, a sharp understanding, and a discerning spirit, with a very choleric nature, and that he was, "in all respects one of the most distinguished noblemen in England, and well beloved throughout the realm." There could be no purpose of deception here, (for these memoirs were never meant to meet the public eye;) unless she wished to extenuate her unlucky choice to her own posterity.

It is an amusing, if not a very useful speculation, to imagine how certain persons would have acted and thought, under certain circumstances and opportunities, in which the said persons never happened to be placed. We could for instance, compose a long romance of the heroic actions which Anne Clifford would have performed in the civil war, had she been possessed of her broad lands and fenced Castles. She might have made Skipton or Pendragon, as famous as Lathom and Wardour. She was a firm royalist; for though she had small reasons to love Kings or Courts, she was a true lover of the Church. But at the breaking out of the conflict, her northern holds were in the feeble, though loyal hands of her cousin Henry; and when, at the death of the last Earl of Cumberland, her title became undisputed, Skipton was already in a state of siege,

and it was long before the hostile parties left her lands free for her entrance. Whatever assistance she may have given to the royal cause, must have been in direct contradiction to her husband's will, for he, in revenge for the loss of his Chamberlain's staff, of which he was deprived for raising a brawl in the House of Lords, carried the power of his wealth, and the disgrace of his folly, to the Roundhead faction. By some means or other he was, on the attainder of Laud, appointed Chancellor of Oxford; and though most deservedly stripped of that honour by King Charles, who set the noble Marquis of Hertford in his place; yet, on the prevalence of the Presbyterian party, to which he professed great devotion, he was restored; and conducted, with what courtesy and gentleness may well be conjectured, the expulsion of the Episcopalians from their colleges. No wonder that he was contemptuously hated by the royalists; or that this hatred broke out in keen and bitter libels (if truth be libellous) immediately after his death; for those were not days when rancour respected the sanctity of the tomb. He just outlived the monarchy, aud divesting himself of the rank which he disgraced, accepted a seat in the Rump Parliament for Berkshire. He died January 23, 1649-50.

We can hardly call the following a jeu-d'espirt, for it is not in a very playful spirit. It has been attributed to Samuel Butler, and was printed in one sheet, fol. under the title of "The last Will and Testament of Philip &c."

“I, Philip, late Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, now Knight for the County of Berks, being, as I am told, very weak in body, but of perfect memory (for I remember this time five years I gave the casting voice to dispatch old Canterbury; and this time two years I voted no address to my master; and this time twelvemonth brought him to the block) yet, because death doth threaten and stare upon me, who have still obeyed all those who threatened me, I now make my last Will and Testament.

"Imprimis, for my soul: I confess I have heard very much of souls, but what they are, or whom they are for, God knows, I know not. They tell me now of anther world, where I never was, nor do I know one foot of the way thither. While the King stood, I was of his religion, made my son wear a cassock, and thought to make him a Bishop: then came the Scots, and made me a Presbyterian; and, since Cromwell entered, I have been an Independent. These I believe are the kingdom's three Estates, and if any of these can save a soul, I may claim one. Therefore, if my Executors do find I have a soul, I give it him that gave it me.

"Item, I give my body, for I cannot keep it; you see the Chirurgion is tearing off my flesh: therefore bury me. I have church-land enough. But do not bury me in the church porch; for I was a Lord, and could not be buried where Colonel Pride was born.

66 'Item, my will is to have no monument; for then I must have epitaphs, and verses; but all my life long I have had too much of them.

"Item, I give my dogs, the best curs ever man laid leg over, to be divided among the council of state. Many a fair day have I followed my dogs, and followed the

states, both night and day: went whither they sent me; sat where they bid me; sometimes with Lords, sometimes with Commons; and now can neither go nor sit. Yet, whatever becomes of me, let not my poor dogs want their allowance, nor come within the ordinances for one meal a week.

"Item, I give two of my best saddle horses to the Earl of Denbigh, for I fear ere long his own legs will fail him: but the tallest and strongest in all my stables All my I give to the Academy, for a vaulting horse for ALL LOVers of vertu. other horses I give to the Lord Fairfax, that when Cromwell and the states take away his commission, his Lordship may have some Horse to command.

"Item, I give my hawks to the Earl of Carnarvon.

His father was Master of the Hawks, to the King; and he has wit, so like his father, that I begged his wardship, lest in time he should do so by me.

"Item, I give all my deer to the Earl of Salisbury, who I know will preserve them, because he denied the King a buck out of one of his own parks.

"Item, I give my chaplains to the Earl of Stamford, in regard he never used any but his son the Lord Grey, who, being thus both spiritual and carnal, may beget more Monsters.

"Item, I give nothing to the Lord Say, which legacy I give him because I know he'll bestow it on the poor.

"Item, to the two Countesses, my sister and my wife, I now give leave to enjoy their estates. But my own estate I give to my eldest son, charging him on my blessing to follow the advice of Michael Oldworth; for, though I have had thirty thousand pounds per annum, I die not in debt, above four score thousand pounds. "Item, because I threatened Sir Harry Mildmay, but did not beat him, I give fifty pounds to the footman who cudgelled him.

Item, my will is that the said Sir Harry shall not meddle with my jewels. I knew him when he served the Duke of Buckingham, and, since, how he handled the crown jewels, for both which reasons I now name him the knave of diamonds.

"Item, to Tom May, whose pate I broke heretofore at a masque, I give five shillings: I intended him more, but all who have read his History of the Parliament think five shillings too much.

"Item, to the author of the libel against ladies, called news from the New Exchange, I give threepence, for inventing a more obscene way of scribbling than the world yet knew; but, since he throws what's rotten and false on divers names of unblemished honour, I leave his payment to the footman that paid Sir Harry Mildmay's arrears; to teach him the difference 'twixt wit and dirt, and to know ladies that are noble and chaste from downright roundheads.

"Item, I give back to the assembly of divines, their classical, provincial, congregational, national: which words I have kept at my own charge above seven years, but plainly find they'll never come to good.

"Item. as I restore other men's words, so I give to Lieutenant-General Cromwell one word of mine, because hitherto he never kept his own.

"Item, to all rich citizens of London; to all Presbyterians, as well as cavaliers, I give advice to look to their throats; for, by order of the states, the garrison of Whitehall have all got poignards, and for new lights have bought dark lanthorns. "Item, I give all my printed speeches to these persons following, viz.-that speech which I made in my own defence when the seven Lords were accused of high treason I give to Sergeant Wild, that hereafter he may know what is treason, and what is not : and the speech I made extempore to the Oxford scholars I give to the Earl of Man

chester, speaker, pro tempore, to the House of Peers before its reformation, and Chancellor, pro tempore, of Cambridge University since the reformation. But my speech at my election, which is my speech without an oath, I give to those that take the engagement, because no oath hath been able to hold them. All my other speeches, of what colour soever, I give to the academy, to help Sir Balthaser's Art of well speaking.

"Item, I give up the ghost."

We trust there is no harm in being amused at this Testament, though no possible provocation could justify such profane scoffing at the nakedness of a soul. It were better, at least no worse, that we were ignorant or forgetful of immortality,-never thought of death but as the bursting of a bubble, or the ceasing of a sound,-than that we should turn "the judgment to come" into an argument of malice, and meditate on the dissolution of a fellow sinner, without fear of God, or charity for man. But this truly sarcastic composition was produced in an angry, persecuting, and persecuted time, and persecution produces more zeal than piety on all sides.

Lady Anne, who for some years had been separated from her husband, now entered on her second widowhood, with an ample fortune, and the consolation of reflecting, that her late spouse's politics had preserved her estates from sequestration. Though she could hardly have much loved a man, whom it was impossible for her to esteem, she heard not of his death with indifference. To any feeling heart, there is a peculiar sadness in the decease of those, that have once been dear, and afterwards estranged. Caldecott, the Earl of Pembroke's Chaplain, informed her of his master's interment in a letter, which has not been perfectly preserved, but which shews, that she retained no resentment against the dead, though perhaps no clerk in Oxford had received such cruel injuries at his hands.

Here may properly be inserted the Lady's own account of her wedded life," I must confess with inexpressible thankfulness, that, through the goodness of Almighty God, and the mercies of my Saviour Jesus Christ, Redeemer of the world, I was born a happy creature in mind, body, and fortune; and that those two Lords of mine, to whom I was afterwards by divine Providence married, were in their several kinds as worthy noblemen as any there were in this kingdom; yet it was my misfortune to have contradictions and crosses with them both. With my first Lord, about the desire he had to make me sell my rights in the land of my ancient inheritance for a sum of money, which I never did, nor ever would consent unto, insomuch, that this matter was the cause of a long contention betwixt us; as also, for his profusion in consuming his estate, and some other extravagancies of his: and with my second Lord,