QUEENS' COLLEGE.

FOUNDED 1446, A.D.

RE-FOUNDED 1565, A.D.

THIS College was originally founded and dedicated to St Margaret and St Bernard, by Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of Henry VI., the munificent founder of King's College, by whom was granted, at the Queen's request, the Charter of incorporation.

"This princess was the most accomplished of her age, both in body and mind, and seemed to possess those qualities which would exactly qualify her to acquire the ascendancy over Henry, and to supply all his defects and weaknesses. She was of a masculine, courageous spirit, of an enterprising temper, endowed with solidity as well as vivacity of understanding."Hume.

On the 15th April, 1448, the first stone of this College was laid by Sir John Wenlocke, Knight, on the east end and south side of the chapel, in the name of Queen Margaret, who caused this inscription to be engraven upon it: "Erit Dominæ nostræ reginæ Margarita Dominus in refugium, et lapis iste in signum.”

When the kingdom was rent with civil wars, Queen Margaret hasted to the defence of her husband, and while her wisdom directed the councils, and her vigour gave energy to the Lancasterian party, the work of this College was interrupted. After the decisive battle of Tewkesbury, and the fall of the Lancasterian party, Margaret became a prisoner, and was unable to proceed with her intended Foundation.

After the accession of the House of York, Elizabeth WiDVILLE, Queen consort of Edward IV., became the Royal patroness of the College.

In 1465 she promoted the completion of the buildings of the College, and obtained for it many privileges; and gave the Statutes for its government in 1475. The College buildings were much promoted by the benefactions, and more by the prudence and zeal, of Andrew Dockett, for forty years the first president of the College, having formerly been principal of St Bernard's Hostel.

The Statutes decree that the College shall consist of a Superior, who shall be called the President, nineteen Fellows, and eight poor Scholars, two Servitors of the President, and certain servants of the College. They also provide, that at the discretion of the president and major part of the fellows, the number of fellows and scholars may be increased or diminished according to the increase or diminution of the revenues of the College. The fellows and scholars were required to be elected, so that, except in particular cases, not more than one fellow and one scholar of the same county could exist in the College at the same time. The election both of fellows and scholars rests with the president and the major part of the fellows. 1446. King Henry VI. appointed four fellows by Charter.

1459. Richard Andrews, a burgess of Cambridge, Spicer, gave St Nicholas' Hostel, and other tenements in Cambridge and elsewhere, to found one Scholarship.

1470. The Lady Margery Roos, relict of Sir Henry Wentworth (formerly married to John, Lord Roos), gave lands to the College for founding fellowships for the five senior divines. She died in 1478, and was buried under "her window of St Margaret and St Bernard," on the north side of the College chapel.

1470. William Sydaie, M.D., of Cambridge, gave a house in Cambridge for founding one Fellowship.

1470. John Marke, citizen of London, gave some houses in Southwark for founding one Fellowship.

1470. The Lady Alicia Wyche, relict of Sir Hugh Wyche, Lord Mayor of London in 1462 (formerly married to William Holte, gentleman, of Lewes), gave a benefaction for founding one Fellowship.

1471. John Otwar gave a benefaction for founding one Fellowship, but not being sufficient, it was annexed to Mr Barby's benefaction.

1473. The Lady Joanna Burgh, widow of Sir John Burgh, Knt., gave to the College the manor of St Nicholas' Court, in the Isle of Thanet, for the maintenance of one Fellow and one Scholar.

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1474. John Raven, clerk, gave a benefaction for the purchase of lands to found one Scholarship.

1477. Richard, Duke of Gloucester, gave an estate for founding four Fellowships. Afterwards, in 1485, when king of England, at the request of his queen, he granted a large estate to be disposed of for purposes to be limited by statutes to be given by him: but these grants were resumed by king Henry VII.

1477. John Colynson, archdeacon of Northampton, prebendary of Lincoln, and vicar of Over, gave 300 marks to the College for the purchase of lands, the rental of which to be appropriated to the maintenance of one Fellow.

1479. John Greene gave a benefaction for founding one Fellowship.

1481. John Alfrey, of Ipswich, gave a benefaction to found one Fellowship.

1491. The Lady Joan Ingaldesthorpe, relict of Sir Edmund Ingaldesthorpe, of Burgh Green, in Cambridgeshire, aunt and co-heiress of Edward Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, and cousin of the Lady Roos, gave the manor of Great Eversden in Cambridgeshire, to found one Fellowship.

1494. John Drewell, LL.D., clerk, treasurer of St Paul's, London, gave lands in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire producing then £24 per annum, for the maintenance of two Fellows and one Scholar. The scholar is required to be of the diocese of Lincoln. Dr Drewell died in 1494, and his remains were interred in St Botolph's church, Cambridge.

1495. John Barby, gentleman, by will bequeathed twelve houses in Southwark to maintain a Fellow in holy orders, but not being sufficient for the maintenance of a fellow it was annexed to Mr Otwar's benefaction.

He also gave a salary of 40s. for a learned man to read lectures on the Holy Scriptures.

1503. Hugh Trotter, D.D., Treasurer of York cathedral, gave a benefaction to found one Fellowship for a priest of the diocese of York. He required that his fellow should preach a sermon in York cathedral in the fifth year of his regency in Arts.

1504. The College founded one Fellowship out of the common stock.

1528. The College founded four Scholarships out of the common stock.

1563. John Stokes, D.D., President of the College, gave lands to found four Scholarships, and reserved a preference to natives of Bedfordshire.

1573. Sir Thomas Smith, LL.D., fellow of the College, Principal Secretary of State to King Edward VI. and to Queen Elizabeth, Regius Professor of Greek in the University, founded two Scholarships, reserving a preference to his own relations, persons of his name, or to pupils of the grammar-school at Saffron Walden, after that to persons of the name of Alston, and to natives of Suffolk. The payment arises from a rentcharge on an estate in Northamptonshire.

He also founded a Lectureship on Arithmetic, and another on Geometry, but not tenable with any other office in College. The stipend of the former is £3, and of the latter £4 per annum, arising from a rent-charge.

1578. The College (?) founded one Scholarship for a native of Great Wareley in Essex.

1578. Henry Wiltshawe, B.D., of Storington in Essex, fellow of the College, founded two Scholarships.

1607. John Stoddard, citizen and grocer of London, gave a rent-charge on the Inn, called the Swan-with-two-necks, Ladlane, London, to found one Scholarship.

1618. George Mountaigne, D.D., fellow of the College, Bishop of London, afterwards Archbishop of York, founded two Scholarships, with preference to natives of Bangor, St Asaph, St David's, or Llandaff.

1637. John Davenant, D.D., president of the College, and Bishop of Salisbury, gave a rent-charge at East Church, Isle of Sheppey, to found two Scholarships.

1665. William Roberts, D.D., fellow of the College, Bishop of Bangor, gave a benefaction to found one Scholarship. 1674. Thomas Clarke, M.A., fellow of the College, and rector of Manningford-Abbots, Wiltshire, gave an estate for founding four Scholarships, and for the increase of the College

Library, and for a stipend to the librarian, who is to be one of his scholars. One of these Scholarships is in the appointment of the president of the College.

1676. Robert Mapletoft, D.D., student of the College, afterwards fellow and Master of Pembroke Hall, and Dean of Ely, gave a benefaction to found two Scholarships.

He also augmented by £6 each the stipends of the censor who moderates at the Problems, and of the catechist.

The Catechist's office was created in 1571, and changed in 1782 into a Lecture on the Greek Testament or Grotius.

1690. Thomas Edwards, LL.D., founded a Welsh Scholarship.

1691. Thomas Alston, of Assington, Suffolk, pensioner of the College, gave a rent-charge to found one Scholarship, with a preference to the founder's name, and to natives of Suffolk.

1694. David Edwards, gentleman, founded one Fellowship by Letters Patent, but without providing for the stipend. It is unrestricted, and regarded as a bye-fellowship, and may be held. by a layman. The College allows rooms and commons to this fellow, if resident, but he has no voice in the affairs of the College.

1713. Griffith Lloyd, Esq., gave a benefaction to found one Scholarship for poor Welshmen, with a preference to Caermarthenshire, or St David's. He founded also one Scholarship for a Caermarthen scholar.

1717. Henry James, D.D., president of the College, gave a payment out of an exchequer annuity, which would expire in 1830, to found four Scholarships.

1725(?). Ferdinando Smithies, B.D., gave to the College a bequest of Bank Stock, for founding three Scholarships for Bachelors of Arts, tenable with other Scholarships.

1747. William Sedgwick, D.D., president of the College, left estates, for several uses, out of which, in 1774, when they came to the College, were founded two Scholarships, restricted, one to Northamptonshire, and the other to Buckinghamshire: the sons of poor clergymen to be preferred. These scholarships are in the appointment of the president, and are tenable with other scholarships. The value of each of these scholar