The committee of the school grant an exhibition of £50 a year every two years for a pupil proceeding from this school to Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin. It is tenable for three years, and its continuance rests with the committee and depends upon the prosperity of the school.

SANDWICH.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1563, a.d.

THE Free Grammar-school at Sandwich owes its origin to the mayor, jurats, and principal inhabitants of the town, who agreed to raise by subscription a sum of money for the purpose of erecting a suitable edifice, under a promise from Roger Manwood, Esq. then a barrister-at-law, to endow the school with lands of sufficient value for its maintenance.

Letters patent were issued, dated Oct. 1, 1563, by which Roger Manwood of Hackington was empowered to erect a free grammarschool at Sandwich, by the name of "The Free Grammar-school of Roger Manwood, in Sandwich."

1581. By indenture tripartite, dated the 30th of January of this year, between Sir Roger Manwood, Knight, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, the master or custos and fellows of the College of Gonvyle and Caius, founded in honour of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary in this University of Cambridge, and the governors of the free grammar-school of Roger Manwood in Sandwich, the said Sir Roger, as surviving executor of the will of Joan Trapps, widow, by bargain and sale, conveys to the said master and fellows a messuage, or farmhouse, called Bodkins, in Swalecliff, near Whitstable in Kent, together with fifty-seven acres and three roods of land in the parishes of Swalecliff, Whitstable and Hackington, in Kent; and Sir Roger covenants that the premises are of the clear yearly value of £11. 6s. 8d. In consideration of which, the master and fellows covenant to pay annually to four fellows of their College £10. 13s. 4d.-four marks to each. The said scholars to be nominated by Sir Roger during his life, and afterwards by the governors of the said free school, and by the said master and fellows alternately. Notice of avoidance to be given in writing, by the master and fellows to Sir Roger, or the governors, within fifteen days; such notice to be left with the master or usher of Powle's (St Paul's) School, for the time being; and upon failure of nomination within

one month, then the vacancy to be supplied by the said master and fellows. The scholars to be called, "The Scholars of Robert Trapps of London and Joan his wife." In default of notice as above stated, then the master and fellows to forfeit to Sir Roger, or the governors, four marks, nomine pœnæ, and for every day after the said fifteen days, twelve pence. The remaining 15s. 4d. to go to the said master and

fellows for the use of the said College. (See p. 235.)

LANCASHIRE.

MANCHESTER.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1510, A.D.

THIS School owes its origin and endowment to Hugh Oldham, a native of Oldham, in the county Palatine of Lancaster, and bishop of Exeter, who, in consequence of not abiding by the decision of the pope in a dispute in which he had been engaged with the abbot of Tavistock, was excommunicated at the time of his death. He was buried in the wall of a chapel which he had himself built and annexed to the cathedral of Exeter. This eminent prelate died in 1519, and is reputed to have been as great an enemy to monkish superstition as he was friendly to learning.

His bounty was shared by Brasenose College and Corpus Christi College in Oxford, as well as by the town of Manchester, where he founded the Grammar-school: and being at the time president of Corpus Christi college, he vested the appointment of the high master and the second master of the school in his successors, and in case of a lapse, then in the warden of the College of Christ in Manchester.

The property for the support of the grammar-school was conveyed to twelve trustees*, on the 1st of April, 1524, by Hugh Bexwyké,

*The following is an extract from the Indenture of Feoffment.

"That where the Right Revd. Father in God, Hugh Oldome, late Bishop of Exeter, deceased, considering that the bringing up of children in their adolescency, and to occupy them in good learning and manners, from and out of idleness, is the chief cause to advance knowledge, and learning them when they shall come to the age of virility, or whereby they may the better know, love, honour and dread God and his laws. -And for that, that the liberal science or art of grammar is the ground and fountain of all the other liberal arts and sciences, which source and spring out of the same, without which science the other cannot perfectly be had, for science of grammar is the gate by the which all other been learned and known in diversity of

the pro

clerk, and Johanna Bexwyke, widow, from whom it appears perty had been leased or purchased by the executors of the good bishop's will. The revenues of the school-estates now exceed £4000

a year.

Exhibitions, each of the value of £60 per annum, are given to scholars proceeding from this school to any college in Oxford or Cambridge, for four years, or while they are resident.

Candidates for these exhibitions must have been five years at the school consecutively, and under the age of twenty years at the time of election.

These exhibitioners are elected in October by the dean of Manchester and the high master of the school, after having been previously recommended by the examiners, who are appointed annually to examine the school, and receive for their trouble each £20.

tongues and speeches. Wherefore the said late Revd. Father, for the good mind which he had and bore to the country of Lancashire, considering the bringing up in learning, virtue, and good manners, children in the same country, should be the key and ground to have good people there, which hath lacked and wonted in the same, as well for great poverty of the common people there, as also by cause of long time passed, the teaching and bringing up of young children to school, to the learning of grammar, hath not been taught there for lack of sufficient schoolmaster and usher ; then so that the children in the same country having pregnant wits, have been most part brought up rudely and idly, and not in virtue, cunning, erudition, literature, in good manners, and for the said good and charitable deeds by the said late bishop, purposed and intended as is before said, in the same shire, hereafter to be had, seen, used and done,—that is to say, for grammar there to be taught for ever, the said late bishop of his good and liberal disposition, at his great costs and charges, hath within the town of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, builded an house joining to the College of Manchester in the West party, and the water called Irke of the North party, and the way going from the said College into a street called "Mill Gate," in the South party, and a stone chimney of George Trafford of the East party, for a free school there to be kept for evermore, and to be called Manchester School."

It is also ordered by the same instrument, that every schoolmaster and usher for ever, from time to time, shall teach freely and indifferently every child and scholar coming to the same school; and that no scholar nor infant of what country or shire soever he be of, being man-child, shall be refused, except he have some horrible or contagious infirmity infective.

The feoffees also are directed, "when it shall happen the chest to be at surplusage the sum of £40 sterling, the rest to be given to the exhibition of scholars yearly at Oxford or Cambridge, who have been brought up in the said school of Manchester, and also only such as study art in the said universities, and to such as lack exhibition by the discretion of the said warden or deputy and high master for the time, so no one scholar have yearly above 26s. 8d. sterling; and that till such time as he have promotion by fellowship of one College or Hall, or other exhibition, to the sum of seven marks."

1682. The Right Honourable Sarah Duchess Dowager of Somerset founded Scholarships at St John's College, with a provision that every third turn the scholars should be chosen from the school of Manchester. At present there are six Scholarships of £40 each and fourteen of £20 each per annum. (See p. 321.)

There are besides exhibitions and scholarships appropriated to students of this school who may proceed to the University of Oxford.

BOLTON.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1641, A.D.

THE free Grammar-school of Great Bolton, or Bolton in the Moors, was founded by Robert Lever, citizen and clothier, of London, who by his will devised certain lands in Harwood, in the county of Lancaster, for erecting and maintaining a free-school, or a chapel, as should be thought meet by his executors.

In 1784 an act was obtained for incorporating the governors and for enlarging their trusts and powers for the benefit of the school. The governors are empowered to appoint a head master and an usher, "to teach and instruct the children and youth who shall be educated at the said school, not only in grammar and classical learning, but also in writing, arithmetic, geography, navigation, mathematics, the modern languages, and in such and so many branches of literature and education, as shall from time to time, in the judgment of the governors, or the major part of them, be proper and necessary to render the foundation of the most general use and benefit.”

There are two exhibitions each of the value of £60 a year, for scholars who have been three years at this school. They may be held at Oxford or Cambridge, and are tenable for four years.

BLACKROD.

THE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1568, A.D.

THIS school was founded by John Holmes, citizen and weaver of London. Mr Holmes bequeathed rent-charges of £8 and £5 issuing out of his lands, &c. in Lombard Street, London, to trustees ;—the former

for the use of the master of Blackrod School, and the latter for the exhibition, founding, and keeping of one scholar for four years within Pembroke College, Cambridge, educated in this school.

This rent-charge of £5 for the exhibition has been suffered to accumulate for many years; and it appears that in 1823 the accumulations amounted to £1901. 15s. 8d. which was laid out in the purchase of £2574. 6s. 6d. three per cent. Consols.

The dividends and the rent-charge are applied to the purpose intended by the founder, whenever a candidate properly qualified applies for the exhibition, if not, the whole is accumulated.

The present value of this exhibition is £65 per annum.

1748. Mr Warren founded one Exhibition at Pembroke College. (See p. 224.)

BURY.

THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1726, A.D.

THIS school was founded by the Rev. Roger Kay, M.A. prebendary of Sarum and rector of Fittleton, and sometime fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and endowed with estates which now produce nearly £500 a year.

The estates are vested in thirteen trustees, who are also governors of the school, of whom seven are required to be clergymen, rectors, or vicars of parishes within ten miles of Bury, and including always the rector of Bury, the rector of Prestwich, and the dean of Manchester, and the other six to be lay inhabitants of the town of Bury being in constant communion with the Church of England, and possessed of property in the parish to the amount of at least £50 per annum.

It is not necessary that the master of this school be in holy orders, but it is required by the statutes of the founder, "That he be a graduate in one of the two Universities, either Oxford or Cambridge, well skilled in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew tongues, a man of prudence and sobriety, and of a good temper."

From the revenues of the school two Exhibitions, each originally of the value of £20 a year, but now augmented at the discretion of the trustees to £30 or £40, are given to scholars in this school, belonging to the parish of Bury, who must proceed either to St John's College, Cambridge, or to Brasenose College, Oxford, and which may be held for seven years if the exhibitioners are resident.