corporation of Newcastle settled a stipend of four marks to be paid annually out of their chamber.

The school was incorporated by a clause in the charter of Queen Elizabeth which she granted to the town in the year 1660; which clause in the charter sets forth that the queen's motive for the new institution was "her regard for the instruction of youth from their tender years in the rudiments of the true Christian religion, and in learning and good manners."

Dr Hartwell, by his will devised £20 per annum to be divided into two Exhibitions of £10 each towards the maintenance of two scholars to be sent to either of the Universities out of the schools of Durham and Newcastle. These exhibitions are to continue for four years, with a year of grace to take a degree if the trustees (the dean and chapter of Durham) think fit; and are to be paid out of the rents of his estate of Fishburn.

1773. Michael Smith, D.D. bequeathed £800 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, one half of the interest to be applied to the maintenance of a scholar there, either from the school of Durham or that of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. (See p. 368.)`

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

NEWARK-UPON-TRENT.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1529, a.d.

THIS school was founded by Dr Thomas Magnus, an attaché of Cardinal Wolsey, who employed him in embassies to Germany and elsewhere; and promoted him to the archdeaconry of the East Riding in the county of York. Dr Magnus left valuable estates to support a grammar and song-school at Newark about one quarter of the present rental, £2400, is applied to the purpose contemplated by the founder.

In 1551 the estates were vested in "the Aldermen and Assistants," a corporation created by Edward VI. two years before; which on the renewal of the charter in the second year of Charles I. was designated, "the mayor and twelve aldermen.”

In 1738 the concerns of this charity were brought before the Court of Chancery, and Lord Talbot the Chancellor decreed that the charities given by Dr Thomas Magnus should be established except what were given to superstitious uses. About the year 1818 a petition was

made to the Court for the appropriation and management of the funds, which had very greatly been increased.

In consequence of disputes of the trustees, the estates were thrown into Chancery, and by a decree of that Court in 1835, two Exhibitions were founded contrary to the wishes or expectations of the disputants, and attached to Newark school. "They are of the value of £80 per annum, tenable for four years at either Oxford or Cambridge, and are open only to youths of 17 years of age or upwards who have been instructed at the school for three years (consecutive or otherwise) whose place of birth has been at Newark, or within six miles thereof, or whose parents at the time of their birth resided at Newark, or within six miles thereof. The examiner to be appointed by the archbishop of York, and to test the fitness of the candidates in classical and other learning for admission at our Universities."

At a former contest it was decided that if this test was satisfied, the electors, who are chosen annually from the corporation of Newark, were at liberty to select whatever candidate they thought proper.

MANSFIELD.

THE ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1561, A.D.

THIS school was founded by Queen Elizabeth. The original endowment is uncertain; no specifications of property appearing in the letters patent incorporating the vicar and churchwardens of Mansfield governors of its possessions, revenues, and goods.

This arises most probably from the circumstance of the same persons and their successors for ever being likewise incorporated by letters patent of King Philip and Queen Mary in 1556, governors of the lands and possessions of the parish-church of Mansfield, to find a presbyter for ever.

Hence the several properties of the church and the school have been intermixed; and in the year 1682, to put an end to a bill filed in equity by the two schoolmasters against the corporations, to distinguish and separate them, it was unanimously agreed, and by a bye-law of the corporations enacted, that the priest should have two thirds of the whole, and the two schoolmasters the remainder in certain proportions.

No statutes are ordained by the letters patent, but the governors are therein empowered, by the advice of eight inhabitants of Mansfield,

now called their assistants, to make rules and bye-laws for the management of the school.

The concerns of the school are at present (Jan. 1855) in the Court of Chancery, and it is expected that the creation of exhibitions open to the two Universities will be the result of its interference.

There are scholarships at Jesus College and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, for natives (if qualified) of Mansfield and Nottinghamshire. (See pp. 258, 288, 289.)

NORMANTON.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1592, A.D.

THE free-school of Normanton was founded by John Freestone, Esq. of Altofts in Yorkshire.

Mr Freestone left property for the endowment of a Fellowship and ·two Scholarships, which were settled at Sidney Sussex College, with a preference to scholars from Normanton school. (See p. 373.)

OXFORDSHIRE.

BLOXHAM.

ALL SAINTS' GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1853, A.D.

THIS school owes its origin to the Rev. John William Hewett, M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. It is designed to afford a sound liberal education, based upon Christian principles.

The establishment of the school was commenced in February 1853, and a site of between three and four acres was purchased for the permanent buildings and play-ground.

The buildings have been designed, and are intended for the reception of 150 boys, with houses for the masters, &c. The sum of £1200 has been set aside as a first portion of the endowment. The cost of the proposed buildings will be about £20,000. All the profits of the school are devoted by Mr Hewett, the head-master, to the purposes of the foundation.

Three Exhibitions, each of £30 a year, are offered to scholars proceeding from this school either to Oxford or Cambridge. It is proposed to hold an examination for the first of these at or about Midsummer in the year 1856.

RUTLANDSHIRE.

OAKHAM.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1581, A.D.

THIS school owes its origin and endowment to the Rev. Robert Johnson, S.T.B. rector of North Luffenham, and archdeacon of Leicester, under the authority of letters patent of Queen Elizabeth, whereby her majesty, in the twenty-ninth year of her reign, on the petition of Robert Johnson, clerk, granted and ordained that there should be a grammar-school in Oakham, to be called the Free Grammarschool of Robert Johnson, clerk, with a master and one usher; and a hospital by the name of Christ's Hospital in Oakham; and that there should be a grammar-school in Uppingham, to be called the Free Grammar-school of Robert Johnson, clerk, in Uppingham, with a master and usher; and a hospital there for the relief and support of poor persons, to be called the Hospital of Christ in Uppingham: and that there should be for ever twenty-four discreet and honest men, who should be governors of the said schools and hospitals, and be constituted a body corporate.

The statutes and ordinances for the government of the school

• The following is the chapter respecting the scholars.

"Further, I do ordain and constitute that there shall be in each of my said schools from time to time some scholars that are well fitted for the Universities, of civil conversation (if God so bless my schools), chosen to receive exhibition of forty shillings per annum, till the number of seven of each be filled up in each place; wherein I advise that the poorer sort be first preferred cæteris paribus, and ordain that they have been educated in the said school from whence they are chosen two years last past before the election, and their stipend shall be continued unto them for the space of seven years, if they so long continue in the Universities; of the number whereof shall be for a scholar for Oakham, Zachary Seaton, and for Uppingham, Thomas Wheatly, of Emmanuel College, in Cambridge. But if they be absent from the Universities for the space of ten weeks in the year, their places shall be void. They shall be chosen by the governors resident in the diocese aforesaid, or the major part of them, under their hands. But if the said scholars shall misbehave themselves, and shall carry themselves idly or viciously, some of the governors shall give notice to the receiver, and when he pays them their money he shall give them, or else such as receive the money for them, notice of their ill behaviour, which being twice done, if they do not amend, they shall be deprived of their stipend by the governors, or the major part of them. And further I constitute, that if it happen there be not in my said schools such scholars as aforesaid to fill up the number as aforesaid, that then the stipends bestowed shall be employed about the school from whence such scholars should or might have been chosen, about necessary books, or other things, if need require. If there be no necessity, then about the houses, gardens or fences of the hospital in the same town."

were drawn up in the first year of Charles I. by the founder, being the year in which he died, at the advanced age of eighty-five.

From the revenues of the school are granted twelve Exhibitions, each of the value of £40 per annum, to students proceeding to either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge.

These exhibitions are given according to the merit of the candidates, which is determined by an examiner from one of the Universities. The governors are guided in their election of exhibitioners from the report of the examiner, and the account of the master of the school respecting the moral character of the candidates, and the pecuniary ability of their parents.

There are also sixteen other exhibitions, four at Clare Hall, four at St John's College, four at Emmanuel College, and four at Sidney Sussex College, to which a preference is reserved for scholars from the grammar-schools of Oakham and Uppingham. (See pp. 215, 316, 363, 375.)

The Rev. Thomas Lovett founded two Exhibitions at Sidney Sussex College, for students from Grantham school, and in default for students from Oakham school. (See p. 378.)

UPPINGHAM.

THE FREE GRAMMAR-SCHOOL.

FOUNDED 1581, A.D.

THIS school was founded by Archdeacon Johnson, at the same time that he founded the grammar-school of Oakham, and it is governed by the same rules and ordinances.

There are twelve Exhibitions, each of the value of £40 a year, tenable at Oxford or Cambridge by students from this school; the qualifications of candidates being the same as those for the exhibitions at Oakham school.

The other advantages open to scholars from Oakham school at Cambridge are equally open to scholars from Uppingham school.

The schools are open to the children of the inhabitants of the towns of Oakham and Uppingham, and of the neighbouring villages, if they be too poor to afford them education at their own expense. But of such as can afford it the master may receive a remuneration; the governors moderating the charge if it be deemed too much.