Thin Film Processes, Volume 2

addition alloy Appl applications atoms beam cathode chamber charge chemical coatings composition compound contamination Crystal density dependent deposition rate developed device direct discharge discussed effects electric Electrochem electron energy epitaxial etching evaporation example excitation flow flux formation function GaAs gases geometry growth heating higher important increase ionization laser layer lead Lett limited lower magnetic field magnetron material measured mechanism metal method observed obtained occurs operation optical oxide particle PECVD phase Phys plasma possible potential precursor present pressure produce properties pump range ratio reaction reactive reactor reduced region relatively resistivity sample selective semiconductor shown silicon similar SiO2 Solid species sputtering structure studies substrate surface techniques Technol temperature thermal thickness thin film tion torr typically uniformity vacuum voltage wafer walls