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distinguish the pluperfect tense from the perfect? How the second future from the future-In the potential mode, how do you distinguish the perfect tense from the present? -How the pluperfect from the imperfect?By what helping verbs in the conjugation, do you distinguish the potential mode from the indicative?-By what means do you distinguish the subjunctive from both ?--What are the participles from the verb love?

REVIEW.

When particular energy and positiveness are intended, verbs may be conjugated, in the present and imperfect tenses, with the helping verb do; as, I do love, thou dost love, he does love; I did love, thou didst love, he did love, &c.

The imperfect tense and perfect participle of all regular verbs, and of many irregular verbs, are spelled alike. They may be distinguished by this-the imperfect tense always has a nominative, the participle never. Also the word being may commonly be placed before the perfect participle, and make sense, but never before the verb.

When an auxiliary is joined to the participle of the principal verb, the auxiliary goes through all the variations of person and number, while the participle itself continues invariably the same. And when there are two or more auxiliaries joined to the participle, the first of them only is varied according to number and person

LESSON XVI.

À PASSIVE VERB is conjugated, by prefixing the auxiliary to be, to the perfect participle, through all its changes of number, person, mode, and tense.

The verb love, in its passive form, is conjugated as follows:

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2 Be thou loved, or do thou 2 Be ye or you loved, or do

be loved

ye be loved

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1 I might, could, would, or 1 We might, could, would, or should be loved

or shouldst be loved

should be loved

2 Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, 2 Ye or you might, could, would, or should be loved 3 He might, could, would, or 3 They might, could, would, should be loved or should be loved

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1 I might, could, would, or 1 We might, could, would, or should have been loved

should have been loved

2 Thou mightst, couldst, 2 Ye or you might, could,

wouldst, or shouldst have

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would, or should have been loved

They might, could, would, or

should have been loved

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Nearly all the verbs in the English language, in both the active and passive forms, are conjugated in the same manner as the verb love.

QUESTIONS.

How is a passive verb conjugated ?--You may conjugate the verb love, in its passive form, beginning with the indicative mode, present tense, first person singular.-In what

mode, tense, number, and person, do you find each of the following expressions, from this form of the verb: We were loved; He hus been loved; They had been loved; You will be loved; Be ye loved; I may be loved; Thou shouldst be loved; He can have been loved; You might have been loved; Though I were loved?--How many tenses are there in the potential mode?--How many in the infinitive ?--What is the present passive participle from love? What is the compound perfect? -How are nearly all the verbs in our language conjugated?

REVIEW.

The passive verb is distinguished from the active, not only by its taking the auxiliary to be, through all its changes of number, person, mode, and tense, but by its particular influence upon its nominative. The nominatives to verbs may be divided into three classes, viz. those which produce the action expressed by the verb; those which receive the action expressed by the verb; and those which neither produce any action, nor receive any, but are the subjects of the verbs, which simply express the existence of these subjects, or their state of existence. The first class of these nominatives belong to active verbs; the second to passive verbs; and the third to neuter verbs. The following examples will make the subject plain: "John loves his brother; John is loved by his brother." In the first of these instances, the nominative, John, produces the action expressed by the verb love; i. e. John loves. But in the second, the nominative, John, receives the action expressed by the verb love; i. e. John is loved. And so of every other properly passive verb: The nominative receives or suffers the action, which the verb expresses.

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