Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Volume 4

actuator analysis angle applied Arctic assumed average behaviour calculated Canada centre compression constant crack creep crushed ice damage decrease deformation density dependence determined developed direction displacement distribution dynamic edge effect elastic element energy Engineering equation estimate evaporator experimental experiments extrusion failure field Figure flow force fracture friction function geometry given grain heat horizontal ice sheet icicle increase indentation indentor indicated initial interaction International island layer length loading material maximum mean measured Mechanics mm/s observed obtained occurs parameters performed period plane plastic plate predicted present pressure range ratio Research respectively rubble sample scale shown in Figure shows similar simulation speed spraying strain strength stress structure surface temperature tests theory thickness transfer variable velocity vertical viscous volume wind zone