Organizational Environments: Ritual and RationalitySAGE Publications, 1983年11月1日 - 312 頁 Meyer and Scott are among the leading proponents of the environmental view of organizational theory, which sees organizational structures as primarily determined by environment as opposed to technology. Their view and approach is demonstrated here in a collection of essays, that consider the place of organizations within a wider institutional structure, paying particular attention to educational systems and medical services. |
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第 242 頁
... innova- tion is not defined here as to be coterminous with change ; many changes are perceived as routine in educational systems . A change is here seen as an innovation only when some validation outside the routine structure is availa ...
... innova- tion is not defined here as to be coterminous with change ; many changes are perceived as routine in educational systems . A change is here seen as an innovation only when some validation outside the routine structure is availa ...
第 254 頁
... innova- tions and to discuss national educational problems . By itself , this probably increases innovation and obtains support for it . It may not much affect the quality of innovation in comparison with other alternatives ; but it has ...
... innova- tions and to discuss national educational problems . By itself , this probably increases innovation and obtains support for it . It may not much affect the quality of innovation in comparison with other alternatives ; but it has ...
第 258 頁
... be adopted in these areas ( as is characteristic of countries with more centralized systems ) . Of course the traditional system of diffusion of innova- tion would be slowed , as is characteristic of more 258 Innovation and Knowledge Use.
... be adopted in these areas ( as is characteristic of countries with more centralized systems ) . Of course the traditional system of diffusion of innova- tion would be slowed , as is characteristic of more 258 Innovation and Knowledge Use.
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activities administrative agencies American education authority buffer bureaucratic centralization centrists classroom complex conflict conformity constituencies coordination corporatist create cultural decentralized decisions decoupling defined definitions district domain educa educational organizations educational system effects elaborate elements environmental eral evaluation example external federal formal organizations formal structure fragmented functions funding groups health care highly implementation important inconsistent incorporate individual inspection institutional environments institutional rules instructional integrated internal interorganizational field involved isomorphic knowledge and innovation legitimacy legitimate linkages linked loosely coupled ments Meyer and Rowan modern societies monetarization myths nizations normative occupational orga organiza organization theory organizational structure outputs political problems processes production profes professional programs Proposition rational organization relations reporting requirements RICHARD SCOTT ritual classifications role Scott sector social Sociology specific standards teachers technical technologies tend TERRENCE E theory tion tional tural types units