Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and FiascoesGroupthink - the psychological drive for consensus at any cost that suppresses disagreement and prevents the appraisal of alternatives in cohesive decision-making groups. In the first edition (Victims of groupthink), Iriving L. Janis showed how this phenomenon contributed to some of the major U.S. foreign policy fiascos of recent decades: the Korean War stalemate, the escalation of the Vietnam War, the failure to be prepared for the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Bay of Pigs blunder. He also examined cases, such as the handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the formulation of the Marshall Plan, where groupthink was avoided. Here, in this revised and expanded edition, Janis applies his hypothesis to the Watergate cover-up, portraying in detail how groupthink helped to put the participants on a disastrous couurse and keep them there. In addition, he presents some fresh ideas on how and why groupthink occurs and offers suggestions for avoiding it. |
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Page 45
Why would President Kennedy give preferential treatment to the two CIA
representatives ? Why would Bundy , McNamara , Rusk , and the others on his
team fail to challenge this preferential treatment and accept a taboo against
voicing critical ...
Why would President Kennedy give preferential treatment to the two CIA
representatives ? Why would Bundy , McNamara , Rusk , and the others on his
team fail to challenge this preferential treatment and accept a taboo against
voicing critical ...
Page 282
Note that Kennedy ' s appraisal , as summarized by Wyden , is the same as that
of the key members of his team who advised him to accept the plan ( see the last
half of Note 3 ) . He shared with them the overoptimistic expectation that the risks
...
Note that Kennedy ' s appraisal , as summarized by Wyden , is the same as that
of the key members of his team who advised him to accept the plan ( see the last
half of Note 3 ) . He shared with them the overoptimistic expectation that the risks
...
Page 342
See also Advisory group ( Kennedy ' s ) in Bay of Pigs invasion ; Executive
Committee of the National Security Council , Cuban missile crisis and Kennedy ,
Robert F . Cuban missile crisis and , see Executive Committee of the National
Security ...
See also Advisory group ( Kennedy ' s ) in Bay of Pigs invasion ; Executive
Committee of the National Security Council , Cuban missile crisis and Kennedy ,
Robert F . Cuban missile crisis and , see Executive Committee of the National
Security ...
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Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Or Why the Fortress Slept | 72 |
Copyright | |
6 other sections not shown
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accepted according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact factors feel fiasco forces give going groupthink Haldeman invasion involved issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social sources Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
| Author | Irving Lester Janis |
| Edition | 2, illustrated, revised |
| Publisher | Houghton Mifflin, 1982 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | 11 Aug 2007 |
| ISBN | 0395317045, 9780395317044 |
| Length | 349 pages |
| Subjects | › Psychology / Social Psychology |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |