Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and FiascoesGroupthink - the psychological drive for consensus at any cost that suppresses disagreement and prevents the appraisal of alternatives in cohesive decision-making groups. In the first edition (Victims of groupthink), Iriving L. Janis showed how this phenomenon contributed to some of the major U.S. foreign policy fiascos of recent decades: the Korean War stalemate, the escalation of the Vietnam War, the failure to be prepared for the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Bay of Pigs blunder. He also examined cases, such as the handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the formulation of the Marshall Plan, where groupthink was avoided. Here, in this revised and expanded edition, Janis applies his hypothesis to the Watergate cover-up, portraying in detail how groupthink helped to put the participants on a disastrous couurse and keep them there. In addition, he presents some fresh ideas on how and why groupthink occurs and offers suggestions for avoiding it. |
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Page 201
Although Nixon and his chief White House aides , Bob Haldeman and John
Ehrlichman , have persistently denied any responsibility at all for the Watergate
break - in , all three admit that they were not innocent bystanders insofar as the
cover ...
Although Nixon and his chief White House aides , Bob Haldeman and John
Ehrlichman , have persistently denied any responsibility at all for the Watergate
break - in , all three admit that they were not innocent bystanders insofar as the
cover ...
Page 218
The few social psychologists who have reported on their examination of pertinent
evidence concerning the Watergate cover - up have concluded that symptoms of
groupthink can clearly be discerned in the deliberations of the White House ...
The few social psychologists who have reported on their examination of pertinent
evidence concerning the Watergate cover - up have concluded that symptoms of
groupthink can clearly be discerned in the deliberations of the White House ...
Page 224
Right after that , the conversation includes direct acknowledgements of current
threats as Nixon speaks about putting the wagons up around the White House by
sacrificing expendable supporters outside the White House : “ Who do you let ...
Right after that , the conversation includes direct acknowledgements of current
threats as Nixon speaks about putting the wagons up around the White House by
sacrificing expendable supporters outside the White House : “ Who do you let ...
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Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Wrong | 48 |
Or Why the Fortress Slept | 72 |
Copyright | |
6 other sections not shown
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accepted according action administration Admiral advisers alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become called Chiefs cohesive Committee concerning consensus consequences continued course cover-up crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger Dean decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department direct discussion effect errors evidence example Executive expected fact factors feel fiasco forces give going groupthink Haldeman invasion involved issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy leader leading major March meetings military missile moral Nixon norms North objections officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-making political position possible present President pressures probably problem procedures proposed questions responsible result risks role says Secretary seems Senator shared social sources Soviet staff stress strong suggested thinking threat tion transcripts Truman United Vietnam warning Watergate White House
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes |
| Author | Irving Lester Janis |
| Edition | 2, illustrated, revised |
| Publisher | Houghton Mifflin, 1982 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | 11 Aug 2007 |
| ISBN | 0395317045, 9780395317044 |
| Length | 349 pages |
| Subjects | › Psychology / Social Psychology |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |