Outline subcylindrical, interspiral channels not conspicuously Abderospira chipolana Dall Plate XXXVII, figure 37 1896. Bullina (Abderospira) chipolana Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 18, p. 32. 1903. Micromelo (Abderospira) chipolana Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, pl. 59, fig. 23. Shell small, ovate, strongly sculptured, umbilicated, with a perforate apex and hidden spire; surface sculptured with numerous sharp spiral grooves with wider polished interspaces, crossed by distinct, equally spaced incremental lines, more feeble on the interspaces, but reticulating or punctuating the grooves; aperture as long as the shell; outer lip axially nearly straight, incrementally slightly arched, thin, with a simple edge and smooth internal surface; posterior sinus with a moderate notch, anterior end rounded; pillar thin, emarginate, with a deep groove behind it, outside of which is a well-marked ridge bounding a narrow but deep umbilicus; body with a thin wash of callus; apex perforate, much as in Bulla striata. Longitude, 4.5 [4.6]; maximum diameter, 3 millimeters. Habitat: Chipola beds (2213), Chipola River, Florida, collected by Burns; and near Gatun, Isthmus of Darien, by Rowell. Types [holotype]: No. 113894, U. S. Nat. Mus.; and in Mr. Aldrich's collection. - Dall, 1896. Type locality: No. 2213, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla. The occurrence of the species on the Isthmus has not been verified. Abderospira chipolana Dall is less globose and more subdued in external ornamentation than its Shoal River analog, A. funiakensis. Occurrence: Chipola formation, locality 2213P. Abderospira funiakensis Gardner, n. sp. Shell small, subglobose. Spire involute. Apex perforate. Spiral sculpture developed over the entire shell; the spirals low, broad fillets, 24 upon the type, Dimensions: Height, 4.5 millimeters; maximum diameter, 3.3 millimeters. Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 352058. Type locality: No. 5618, 31⁄2 miles southwest of DeFuniak Springs, Fla. Abderospira funiakensis is much more globose than A. chipolana Dall, its only Alum Bluff congener. The Shoal River species is, furthermore, less deeply perforate apically and more strongly and regularly sculptured both spirally and incrementally. Occurrence: Shoal River formation, locality 5618". Family RINGICULIDAE Genus RINGICULA Deshayes 1838. Ringicula Deshayes, in Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, 2d ed., vol. 8, p. 342. Type (by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847, Zool. Soc. London Proc., p. 140): Auricula ringens Lamarck. (Eocene of the Paris Basin.) Shell small, ventricose; spire relatively short; nucleus heterostrophous; surface of shell smooth or spirally striate; aperture narrow, oblique to the axis of the shell, dilated and more or less emarginate anteriorly; outer lip thickened and reflected, smooth or finely plicate within; columella excavated, calloused, furnished posteriorly as a rule with a strong tubercular denticle and anteriorly with two prominent transverse plaits; parietal wash very heavy, continuous with the thickened margin of the outer lip; umbilicus imperforate. The genus has been noted in the Cretaceous deposits of Europe and India as well as in those of North America. Some 70 species are reported from the various Tertiary horizons, and about 35 from the temperate and tropical waters of today. There is nothing of significance in the distribution of the Alum Bluff Ringiculas. Two out of the four species represented are restricted to the Chipola formation. the 8 medial spirals broader, lower, and more closely A third species has been collected from the Oak Grove spaced than those either in front of or behind them, sand and Shoal River formation; a fourth not only from the fillets growing increasingly narrower and more these two but from the Chipola formation as well. elevated toward the extremities, particularly toward None of the four, however, have been reported from the anterior; interspiral areas regularly and strongly any formation other than those of the Alum Bluff punctated by the incremental filaments, the punctae group. most conspicuous toward the extremities, where the The Recent members of the genus occur for the most interspiral channels are the widest and deepest. part in waters over 50 fathoms in depth. Aperture more produced than the shell both posteriorly and anteriorly; feebly arcuate, constricted behind by the intrusion of the body. Outer lip thin, sharp, finely crenate marginally, posteriorly produced and sharply rounded, patulous and slightly expanded anteriorly. Parietal wall thinly glazed. Pillar reinforced, nonplicate, forming the apertural wall of the elongated umbilical area. Umbilicus very narrow but deeply perforate, threaded with three fine spirals. Spiral sculpture developed over the entire conch: Shell rather stout, distinctly tabulated at the posterior Spiral sculpture not developed over the entire conch: Ringicula semilimata Dall. Whorls of spire broadly rounded; spire obtuse, not subscalariform..Ringicula stiphera Gardner, n. sp. p. 25. Ringicula chipolana Dall Plate XXXVII, figure 39 1896. Ringicula chipolana Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 18, 1903. Ringicula chipolana Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, pl. 58, fig. 9. Shell small, elevated, slender, faintly grooved all over, with 41⁄2 whorls; spire about equal to the aperture, which is longer than wide, with a callous body lip and reflected margin. Longitude, 2.2; maximum diameter, 1.4 [1.3] millimeters. Habitat: Chipola beds (2211); in the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River, Fla. Type [holotype]: No. 113865, U. S. Nat. Mus. This species is intermediate in size between R. floridana and R. guppyi and is sculptured like them but has the form of R. semilimata, especially the elevated spire, but with a proportionately narrower mouth. It differs from the very similar R. biplicata Lea by the absence of any denticles or lirae on the outer lip when mature. --Dall, 1896. Type locality: No. 2211, lower bed, Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Fla. The type remains unique. Occurrence: Chipola formation, locality 2211г. Ringicula boyntoni Gardner, n. sp. Shell minute but rather solid, highly polished, ovate conical, tapering gradually to an obtuse apex. Aperture more than half the length of the entire shell. Whorls 5 in all, 2 of them included in the smooth, shining protoconch. Initial turn minute, almost halfway across the penult. Inner wall of aperture abruptly constricted at the base of the body, heavily reinforced. Parietal plait prominent, placed nearly opposite the projection on the inner margin of the outer lip. Columellar folds 2, more elevated than the parietal fold, the anterior, marginal fold a little the stronger of the two. Anterior notch narrow and deep, almost but not quite cutting through the enamel that surrounds the anterior extremity. Dimensions: Length, 1.6 millimeters; maximum diameter, 0.8 millimeters; length of aperture, 1.2 millimeters. Holotype: U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 371049. Type locality: No. 7893, Boynton Landing, Choctawhatchee River, Washington County, Fla. Ringicula boyntoni is, as a rule, more slender than the coexisting R. semilimata Dall. The spiral sculpture of R. boyntoni, however, is not restricted but is developed over the entire conch with the exception of the early part of the first turn, and the parietal tooth is more prominent. R. chipolana, which resembles R. boyntoni in the character of the spiral sculpture, is a little larger and stouter, with a much more decided tabulation at the posterior suture. The species is rare at the single locality at which it occurs. Occurrence: Chipola formation, locality, 7893г. Ringicula semilimata Dall Plate XXXVII, figure 42 entirely immersed in the succeeding turn; second 1896. Ringicula semilimata Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 18, vol. 3, pt. 6, pl. 60, fig. 24. Shell minute, of 31⁄2 whorls; spire about equal to the aperture; surface polished, suture distinct, not deep, the spire a little turreted and rather pointed; whorls smooth behind the periphery, in front of it evenly spirally grooved, with wider interspaces; aperture wide, with a thickened and reflected margin; outer lips slightly patulous and thickest at the middle; pillar with two strong plaits, the body with comparatively little callus, only the oldest and most callous showing a parietal denticle, the outer lip extending in front of the pillar, the canal in the adult very narrow and oblique. The size varies. Latitude, 1 to 1.2; longitude, 1.5 to 2 millimeters. Habitat: Chipola beds (2212, 2213), Calhoun County, and Alum Bluff beds, at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Fla. rapidly both in altitude and diameter, flattening 1903. Ringicula semilimata Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., slightly toward its end; dividing line between conch and protoconch indicated merely by a slightly exaggerated incremental. Whorls of conch moderately elevated, minutely tabulated at the shoulder, very broadly rounded at the periphery. Spiral sculpture initiated on the final half of the first whorl, the anterior spirals being the first to appear; sculpture well established by the opening of the second whorl of the conch; spirals very faintly impressed lines, subequal and subequispaced, though inclined to be less faint and more closely spaced anteriorly, 7 on the penult of the type, increasing to twice that number upon the body; the spirals upon the base of the body more deeply impressed than those behind them; interspiral areas flattened, about double the width of the spirals. Axial sculpture restricted to microscopically fine incremental striae. Suture lines impressed. Aperture narrow, oblique, somewhat pyriform in outline, obtusely angulated, the posterior commissure rounded, a little patulous anteriorly, completely framed by a very heavy, sharply defined glaze. Outer lip margined by a broad band of heavy callus, which on the inner surface is produced medially into an obtuse denticle. Wash among its Alum Bluff congeners by the subangular, produced backward at the posterior commissure almost | subscalariform spire. It differs widely in relative Types [holotype]: No. 113111, U. S. Nat. Mus.; also specimens in the collections of Mr. Aldrich and the Geological Survey of Alabama. This species appears to be rather rare; it most nearly resembles R. guppyi Dall, which is grooved all over and has a less slender spire. The parietal tooth in R. guppyi is rarely absent, even in specimens hardly mature; in R. semilimata only the very oldest and most callous specimen shows any trace of it. -Dall, 1896. Type locality: No. 2212, Tenmile Creek, 1 mile west of Baileys Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla. Ringicula semilimata Dall is best characterized extremity. Incremental sculpture exceedingly faint species certainly referable to the genus-probably and irregular. Sutures impressed but not channeled. found its way across from the Pacific when there was Aperture rudely lobate, oblique to the axis of the shell. free communication in the Panama area. It is reOuter lip very much thickened, patulous anteriorly, stricted in its distribution to the Chipola formation and produced backward for a short distance upon the pre- is represented by less than half a dozen individuals. ceding volution; callus abruptly excavated along the proportions, and most of the individuals observed are relatively more elevated than the figured type. Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities 7893o, 2212, 2213, 7151o. Oak Grove sand, localities 5632", 70545. Shoal River formation, localities 5079, 3748. Ringicula stiphera Gardner, n. sp. Plate XXXVII, figures 43, 44 Shell small, solid, squat, made up of 2 or 2/4 nuclear turns and 3 conchal volutions. Initial whorl of protoconch small and smooth and for the most part submerged; the final volution of the protoconch also smooth but increasing rapidly in size and elevation anteriorly, rather strongly inflated except for a slight flattening just behind the line of junction with the conch. Whorls of conch very broadly rounded, increasing rapidly but uniformly in size. Spiral sculpture restricted in the type to the anterior half of the whorl, so that, on the spire, it is entirely concealed by the succeeding volution, except for a single striation on the penult directly behind the suture; spirals manifested on the body as faintly incised lines, which become more closely spaced and decreasingly feeble toward the whorls are more strongly and evenly rounded. The range of variation in sculpture is very similar in the two species. Occurrence: Oak Grove sand, localities 2646", 56325. Shoal River formation, localities 37425, 3747, 7261?г, 7264", 5618°. Family APLYSIDAE Genus DOLABELLA Lamarck 1801. Dolabella Lamarck, Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, p. 62. Type (by monotypy): Dolabella callosa Lamarck= Dolabella rumphii Cuvier. (Recent in the IndoPacific.) Shell internal, heavy, solid, cuneate or hatchetshaped, loosely coiled, paucispiral; posterior area defined by a sulcus; external surface more or less calloused, at least in the apical region. The genus is characteristic of shallow, muddy bottoms and, in the recent seas, is restricted to the IndoPacific and Australian shores as far as New South Wales and to the west coast of Mexico. The Miocene species, the only one reported from the Tertiary beds of the east coast and Gulf regions-indeed, the only fossil inner margin near the posterior commissure, giving a pseudodenticulate aspect to the anterior extremity of the depression. Inner lip very much thickened and Dolabella aldrichi Dall Plate XXXVII, figure 45 reflected, constricted at the base of the well-rounded 1890. Dolabella aldrichi Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., body. Parietal denticle prominent and persisting far within the aperture, placed about midway between the commissure and the pillar. Pillar very short and heavily reinforced, bearing two strongly elevated, oblique, parallel plications, the anterior marginal, the posterior set about halfway up the pillar; parietal wash very heavy, its margin sharply defined and rudely parallel with the inner margin of the aperture, continuous with the reinforced margin of the outer lip; anterior notch wide and rather deep. vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 10, fig. 7a. Shell large, thick, subspiral, of about (when perfect) 11⁄2 whorls; apex showing signs of the existence of a winglike appendage, as versely waved, with a shallow sulcus outside the cycloidal pillar, vertex with a spirally grooved or irregular surface; pillar with a flattened or roughly sulcate face below, rounded above; interior smooth; shell widening as it grows, the edge imperfect in the specimens. Height, 33[18.0]; breadth (broken), 25; thickness of shell, up to 5.0 millimeters. in other species of the genus; exterior smooth or slightly trans Lower Miocene shell bed, Alum Bluff, western Florida. Dimensions: Height, 2.8 millimeters; maximum ries and recalls the original type D. rumphii, which is, however, diameter, 1.8 millimeters. Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 352132. Type locality: No. 7264, DeFuniak, "Cardium beds", Alaqua, Walton County, Fla. Ringicula stiphera, like many others of the group, varies widely in the area covered by the spiral lineation. In some individuals as many as 6 spirals have been observed upon the medial and anterior portion of the whorl and 2 upon the posterior, but none have been found in which the entire surface is regularly lineated. Ringicula stiphera is lower and more uniform in relative proportions than R. semilimata Dall, and the less spiral and regular in form. - Dall, 1890. Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 97490. Type locality: No. 2211, lower bed, Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Fla. The apex of the spire is concealed by a calcareous glaze, and the external surface is widely spread with a wash sufficient to obscure the undulatory, concentric sculpture of the surface. Dolabella aldrichi Dall is not only the sole representative of the genus in the Chipola formation, the horizon to which it is restricted, but the only fossil species of Dolabella that has yet been certainly recorded. Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities 2213", 2564, 2211, 7183г. Subclass STREPTONEURA Order CTENOBRANCHIA Suborder STENOGLOSSA Superfamily TOXOGLOSSA Family TEREBRIDAE Genus TEREBRA Bruguière 1789. Terebra Bruguière, Encyclopédie méthodique, Histoire naturelle des vers, vol. 1, p. XV (no species mentioned). 1799. Terebra Lamarck, Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles: Soc. hist. nat. Paris Mém., p. 71. Sole example, Buccinum subulatum Linnaeus. (Recent in the Indo-Pacific.) 1908. Terebra Dall, Harvard Coll., Mus. Comp. Zoology, Bull., vol. 43, no. 6, p. 245. 1923. Terebra Bartsch, Nautilus, vol. 37, pp. 60-64. 1928. Terebra Woodring, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 385, p. 135. Type (by monotypy): Buccinum subulatum Linnaeus. (Recent in the Indo-Pacific.) The nomenclature of Terebra is much involved, partly because of the confusion consequent upon an early error in figuring the animal and partly because the natural groups into which the animal and shell characters fall are not altogether parallel. Dall, in his report of 1908 upon the Albatross dredgings, reviewed the synonymy of the old Terebra and subdivided it primarily upon the characters of the radula, secondarily on the shell characters. Terebra is there defined as follows: Radula edentulous, the proboscis forming a voluminous, muscular, evertible sac, in which the prey may be enfolded and its juices squeezed out and absorbed. The presence of a poison gland may be explained by supposing the secretion to paralyze the living prey when taken into the sac. Eyes terminal on very short small tentacles, and a long slender verge without appendages, are present. * * * The larval shell throughout the group is the same, except in number of whorls. It is blunt, glassy, smooth, and forms a shorter or longer subcylindrical spire. It is usually dark-colored. The nepionic shell may agree in sculpture with the adult portion or may be entirely different, its sculpture gradually becoming modified with growth. So far as reported the operculum is uniformly subannular, ovoid, narrow with a terminal nucleus. The conch is slender, turreted, acuminate, and polygyrate. The external surface is smooth or axially, reticulately, or more rarely spirally sculptured. The most conspicuous feature of the ornamentation is commonly a deep sulcus revolving at a short distance in front of the suture and parallel to it. The aperture is ovate or quadrate and terminates anteriorly in a short recurved canal. Terebra is abundantly represented throughout the Cenozoic, and the Recent species are widely distributed, though most prolific in the inshore waters of the warm temperate and tropical seas. In the Alum Bluff group 16 species and subspecies have been surely recognized. By far the most abundant representation, in number of species and of individuals, is in the Shoal River formation; 11 out of the 16 species have been identified from this horizon and of the 11, 8 or half of the entire number, are restricted to it; 6 of the 8 peculiar species are new: the seventh, T. gausapata Brown and Pilsbry, was described from the Gatun formation, Panama; the eighth, T. bipartita Sowerby, originally described from the Dominican Republic, has been reported from Panama. T. spirifera Dall, a closely allied form also described from the Dominican Republic, may be present in the Oak Grove sand as well as in the Shoal River formation. Two other species with West Indian allies, T. sulcifera? Sowerby and T. odopoia, are common to the Chipola and Shoal River formations. Aside from these 2 species 3 other species have been recognized in the Chipola formation. Only 1 of the 3, T. chipolana Dall, described from a unique type, is certainly restricted. The other 2, the common T. langdoni and its subspecies perpunctata, are possibly present in the Oak Grove sand. The Oak Grove Terebra fauna is curiously meager. Although 5 species and subspecies are present, only 2 of these are determinable with absolute certainty. Both are restricted, but one of them is a unique type. The other is referable to Spineoterebra rather than to the true Terebra. Two of the 3 unrestricted species are allied to Chipola forms, and 1 to a Shoal River and West Indian species. So far as the evidence from Terebra goes it certainly points consistently toward the alliance of the Panamanian and Dominican faunas with the Shoal River rather than with those from the earlier formations. Presutural sulcus developed both on the earlier and later whorls and in the costal and intercostal areas: Columella biplicate, the two folds approximately equal: Surface not spirally lirate: Shell turreted, sulcus impressed but not squarely channeled: Surface raised in front of the sulcus, thus forming a secondary band... Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera Sowerby? Surface spirally lirate: Shell pupiform; sulcus squarely channeled.. Shell acuminate, not pupiform; sulcus commonly deeply impressed but not squarely channeled: Terebra (Paraterebra) odopoia Gardner, n. sp. Terebra (Strioterebrum) pupiformis Gardner, n. sp. Terebra (Strioterebrum) pupiformis Gardner, n. sp. Terebra (Strioterebrum) gausapata Brown and Pilsbry. Spirals overriding the axials with undiminished vigor-------- Terebra (Strioterebrum) spirifera Dall. Spirals equal, separated only by linear interspaces exceeding four upon the penult. Spirals commonly inequal, separated by more than linear interspaces and rarely more than four: Costals dissected by the sulcus; spirals usually regular and sharply defined. Terebra (Strioterebrum) bipartita Sowerby. Terebra (Strioterebrum) waltonensis Gardner, n. sp. Costals depressed but not dissected by the sulcus; spirals usually irregular and ill defined. Columella biplicate, the posterior fold obscure and not persistent to the aperture: Both axial and spiral sculpture developed: Terebra (Strioterebrum) eskata Gardner, n. sp. Altitude approximately four times the diameter; sulcus rather wide and squarely channeled. Terebra (Strioterebrum) rabdota Gardner, n. sp. Altitude approximately five times the diameter; sulcus very narrow and commonly obscure in mounting the costals. Terebra (Strioterebrum) langdoni Dall. Both axial and spiral sculpture almost or entirely obsolete except for the deeply impressed presutural sulcus. Terebra (Strioterebrum) chipolana Dall. Presutural sulcus restricted to the intercostal areas: Costals uniform in prominence between the sutures, not nodose posteriorly: Spiral sculpture developed: Spirals appearing as more or less sharply defined and elevated lirations---Terebra (Strioterebrum) langdoni Dall s. s. Type (by original designation): Terebra texana Dall. (Recent in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.) Shell large, generally moderately slender. Aperture relatively narrow. Outer lip inflected forward at about a third of distance from suture to base of anterior canal. Anterior canal relatively long, producing a wide constricted area behind siphonal fasciole, bearing a wide, deep notch. Siphonal fasciole correspondingly wide, limited by a high thread and bearing more Terebra (Strioterebrum) langdoni subsp. perpunctata Dall. Mus., vol. 26, p. 951, 1903; substitute name for Acus ("Humph.") Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 15, p. 139, 1847, not Acus Edwards 1771; type, by original designation (Gray), Terebra maculata Lamarck; Recent, Indo-Pacific) has a wider and more flaring aperture, shorter anterior canal, no thick layer of callus, and its outer lip descends almost vertically from the suture and then bends backward and forward in a broad sweeping curve.Woodring, 1928. Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera Sowerby? Plate XXXVIII, figure 1 or less prominent growth lamellae. Columella bearing a basal 1850. Terebra sulcifera Sowerby, Geol. Soc. London Quart. fold. Columella and parietal wall covered with thick layer of callus. Sculpture of early whorls consisting of a sutural band, below which lies a narrower band, and of fine axial ribs curved forward. Sculpture partly or completely disappearing on later whorls. The relatively narrow aperture and long anterior canal, rather strongly inflected outer lip, and heavy callus separate Paraterebra from Terebra s. s. Oxymeris Dall (Proc. U. S. Nat. Jour., vol. 6, p. 47. Testa aculeiformis, anfractibus plurimis, oblique transversim sulcatis, prope suturam incrassatis, sulcis spiralibus duobus prope suturam admotis, tertio antico subobsoleto ad basin anfractus remoto. - Sowerby, 1850. Type locality: Near San Jago, Dominican Republic. |