T. eskata has been tentatively referred to Strio- more squarely channeled and, as a rule, cuts more terebrum because of its general resemblance to the deeply into the costals. The costals are broader at end members of T. waltonensis. It differs from the the base but rather less acute upon the summits. normal representatives of the subgenus in the absence The spirals are less regular, less sharply defined, and of spiral sculpture and in the nonplicate or obscurely for the most part lower and broader. The body monoplicate columella.

The species is not uncommon at the type locality, but it has not been definitely recognized elsewhere. Occurrence: Shoal River formation, locality 3856°.

Terebra (Strioterebrum) rabdota Gardner, n. sp.

Plate XXXVIII, figure 14

whorl is stouter, the constriction at the base more abrupt, the pillar shorter, and the parietal glaze heavier.

T. rabdota is rather rare, even in the Shoal River formation, the only horizon at which it has been recognized.

Occurrence: Shoal River formation, localities 3856°, 3742, 7264.

Terebra (Strioterebrum) langdoni Dall

Plate XXXVIII, figure 15

1896. Terebra (Acus) langdoni Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol.

1903.

18, p. 39.

Terebra (Oxymeris) langdoni Dall, Wagner Free Inst.
Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 6, pl. 59, fig. 27.

Shell small, slender, of 13 whorls besides the nucleus, which is small, conical, and of 3 whorls; sculpture reticulated transversely by 16 low, narrow, rounded, slightly flexuous ribs, with

wider interspaces, the posterior ends of the ribs not cut off by the deep sulcus which defines the sutural band in front; transverse sculpture of this sulcus visible between the ribs, and 4 flattish spirals, separated by narrower grooves, between the sulcus and the next suture, and 7 or 8 narrower spirals on the base; aperture longer than wide; pillar simple, smooth; canal rather long, twisted and recurved. Longitude, 20; maximum diameter, 4 millimeters.

Shell moderately elevated, slender, acutely tapering, slightly pupiform. Whorls flattened laterally, probably as many as 15 in a perfect adult. Nucleus broken away in all available specimens. Presutural sulcus rather broad but shallow, gouging the intercostals but only feebly impressing the costals. Sutural band a little less than half as wide as the entire whorl. Axial sculpture dominating the spiral costae, 18 in the final whorl of the type, feebly arcuate, rising from a broad base to an acutely rounded summit, depressed at the sulcus but not dissected, persistent from suture to suture and well down toward the base of the body; intercostal areas broadly and obtusely V-shaped. Spirals feeble, a single faint striation upon the sutural band of the type and 4 broad but exceedingly low fillets in front of the sulcus upon the later whorls, with 3 additional fillets in the peripheral region of the ultima. Suture line impressed. Aperture rather narrow, angulated posteriorly. Outer lip feebly arcuate. Inner wall sharply constricted at the base of the body. Pillar short, smooth, its margin sharply rounded but not definitely Terebra langdoni Dall is no less variable than most plicate. Parietal wall heavily glazed. Siphonal fasci- of the other members of this mutable genus. The ole very short, oblique, corrugated, sharply elevated young, as a rule, are relatively stout, but the general at the posterior margin, cut off from the base of the proportions of the adults are fairly constant. The body by a smoothly concave depression. Anterior axial sculpture dominates the spiral to a greater or canal very short, recurved, terminating in a broad and deep emargination.

Dimensions: Height, 18.5 millimeters; maximum diameter, 4.5 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 351096.

Type locality: No. 3856, 5 to 6 miles west-northwest of Mossyhead, Walton County, Fla.

Terebra rabdota, probably another end member of the protean T. waltonensis, differs from the typical members of the subgenus in the nearly smooth columella. It varies to a certain extent in the degree of development of the spiral sculpture and in the impression of the sulcus. The number of costae may run as low as 14.

The description of T. rabdota suggests T. langdoni Dall much more strongly than the shell itself. It is less elevated than T. langdoni, relatively stouter, and inclined to be pupiform. The sulcus is wider and

Habitat: Chipola beds (2211, 2212, 2213), Calhoun County,
Fla., Burns.
Type [holotype]: No. 113913, U. S. Nat. Mus. -Dall, 1896.
Type locality: No. 2213, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry,
Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.

less degree, but in number and character both the axials and the spirals show a bewildering variation. The axials range from about 14 to 20, and though usually narrow with rounded summits they may, as in the representatives from Alum Bluff, be broad at the base with sharply pinched summits. The spirals may appear as equisized and equispaced fillets separated by sharply incised channels, usually 4, or they may be reduced to very faint striations, as in the subspecies perpunctata Dall.

All the forms from the Chipola formation which have been referred to T. bipartita Sowerby are probably mutants of this species. Although the costals in T. langdoni are commonly depressed at the sulcus, they are not dissected as in the true T. bipartita. A more valuable and more sharply defined diagnostic is the absence of any plication upon the pillar in T. langdoni, in contrast to the biplicate pillar of T. bipartita. The Chipola species is more slender and more evenly the initial whorl rounded and largely submerged, the acuminate than T. rabdota from the Shoal River succeeding volutions elevated and increasingly flatformation. The sculpture, particularly the spiral, is tened laterally. Whorls of conch flattened, convergmore sharply defined in T. langdoni, and the costals are less widely channeled by the presutural sulcus.

Terebra chipolana Dall, described from a unique type, seems to be nothing more than a young T. langdoni so badly worn that the ribs and all other raised sculpture have almost completely disappeared, leaving only the sutural band and presutural sulcus.

Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities ?7893", 2213°, 2564°, 3419°, 7151, 2211°, ?74685. Oak Grove sand, localities ?2646°, ?5632o.

Terebra (Strioterebrum) chipolana Dall

Plate XXXVIII, figure 16

1896. Terebra (Acus) chipolana Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc.,
vol. 18, p. 39.
1903. Terebra chipolana Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans.,
vol. 3, pt. 6, pl. 59, fig. 2.

ing at an angle of 5° to 10° toward the acute apex. Body whorl smoothly but rather abruptly rounded at the base. Axial sculpture dominating the spiral; costals 16 in the type, rather broad at the base, sharply rounded upon the summit and little or not at all affected by the spirals or even by the presutural sulcus but, for the most part, uniform in strength from suture to suture and persistent upon the body to the posterior margin of the fasciole. Spiral sculpture very much subdued and in the apical region absent altogether. Sulcus reduced to a series of small but rather deep gouges in each of the intercostal areas upon the medial and posterior portion of the shell; spirals in front of the suture appearing as feebly incised grooves, usually 3 or 4. Aperture rudely lenticular, angulated posteriorly. Outer lip broadly and feebly arcuate, slightly constricted at the sulcus. Inner lip obliquely con

Shell small, slender, obsoletely sculptured, with a pupoid stricted at the base of the body. Pillar rather heavy nucleus of 4 whorls and about a dozen subsequent whorls, the but nonplicate, recurved anteriorly. Fasciole clearly earlier of which are slightly smaller than the last two nuclear defined, margined posteriorly by a sharply elevated turns; sides flattish, suture distinct; sutural band conspicuous, keel, cut off from the base of the body by a smoothly sculpture, except on the last whorl; the whorls are feebly trans- concave depression upon which traces of the axial versely wrinkled by obsolete riblets, which on the last whorl sculpture and fortuitous spirals occasionally persist. in the type specimen take a more definite shape but fade out Parietal wall glazed. Terminal notch rather deep. on the periphery; spiral sculpture of obsolete grooves on the an

set off by a deep sulcus; the band is without nodules or marked

This little species is sufficiently unlike the others to require but little in the way of comparison. A dwarf T. langdoni var. per punctata, with the ribs almost wholly obsolete and the sulcus continuous instead of broken into punctures, would be something like it. Dall, 1896.

This unique type is apparently a young T. langdoni with the ribs, of which faint vestiges remain, planed off to the suture line.

Occurrence: Chipola formation, locality 2213г.

Terebra (Strioterebrum) langdoni subsp. perpunctata Dall
Plate XXXVIII, figure 17

Dimensions: Height, 11.0 millimeters; maximum diameter, 2.7 millimeters. Dimensions of an imperfect adult, height, 17.5 millimeters; maximum diameter, 4.0 millimeters.

Occurrence: Chipola formation, locality 2213o. Oak Grove sand, locality ?56325.

Terebra (Strioterebrum) rapta Gardner, n. sp.
Plate XXXVIII, figures 18, 19

Shell moderately large and slender, apical angle between 5° and 10°. Whorls probably 14 or 15 in the fully adult, increasing in size with approximate uniformity, less flattened laterally than in many members of the genus. Body whorl abruptly constricted at the base. Sculpture, with the exception of the sulcus, exclusively axial; costae narrow and sharply pinched, persisting from suture to suture with uniform strength and well down to the base of the body, very feebly arcuate, arranged for the most part in continuous series which perform a little less than half a volution around the axis of the shell; number of costae ranging from 14 to 24 (18 in the type); intercostal areas broadly concave on the later whorls, more sharply depressed on the earlier. Presutural sulcus reduced to a series of gouges in the intercostal areas, which macroscopiType locality: No. 2213, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, cally suggest a narrow threading directly in front of the suture. Entire surface covered with a microscopic

1896. Terebra (Acus) langdoni var. perpunctata Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 18, p. 39.

Shell with the spiral sculpture replaced by fine spiral striae,

obsolete or irregular, except the sulcus in front of the sutural band, which is represented between the ends of each pair of ribs near the suture by a deep, generally rounded puncture or pit. Found with the type in the Chipola beds. - Dall, 1896.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 113911.

Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla. Shell small, slender, acuminate, of not far from 13 crisscross of incrementals and spiral striae. Sutures volutions. Protoconch apparently coiled four times, impressed, undulated by the costae of the preceding

volution. Aperture narrow, sinuous. Outer lip slightly the anterior suture, thus simulating an oblique and expanded medially, abruptly constricted anteriorly, obtuse tabulation. Ultima rudely trapezoidal behind angulated posteriorly. Labium excavated at the base the abrupt basal constriction. Axial sculpture dominatof the body, reflected over the parietal wall and the ing even the presutural sulcus; axials broadly \-shaped, short recurved pillar. Columella bearing a single ob- 11 on each of the later whorls of the spire, feebly tuse fold, which evanesces before reaching the aperture. arcuate, most evenly elevated in the apical region, on Siphonal fasciole short and narrow but clearly defined, the medial and anterior portion, most prominent at the rugose, keeled posteriorly and cut off from the base of sulcus but not overridden by it; intercostals broadly the body by a smoothly concave area. Anterior canal concave, the maximum depression emphasized by a short, recurved. Anterior emargination broad but not half obsolete groove. Sulcus visible only as a series of very deep. deep gouges in the intercostal areas, interrupted by the Dimensions: Height, 18.5 millimeters; maximum rounded eminence of the costae. Entire surface from diameter, 4.8 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 351099.
Type locality: No. 3742, Shell Bluff, Shoal River,
Walton County, Fla.

Terebra rapta is characterized by the tendency toward a feeble medial inflation of the later volutions, the absence of spiral sculpture other than the sulcus, and

apex to canal covered by a closely crowded, irregular striation and lineation which appears in the form of well-defined, flattened lirae only toward and upon the base of the pillar. Aperture narrow, the outer margin broken in all available specimens but probably symmetrically arcuate; inner margin abruptly constricted at the base of the body. Pillar short, recurved, the

the restriction of even that to the intercostal areas. inner edge twisted but not raised into a definite fold. Terebra rapta exhibits many of the subgeneric char- Fasciole clearly defined, incrementally wrinkled, cut acters of Fusoterebra, but it has so much in common off from the base of the body by a smoothly rounded with T. eskata, which in turn is closely related to the concavity which is sculptured only by the growth lines typical Strioterebrum waltonense, that in spite of the and very rarely by exceedingly fine spiral striae. absence of any macroscopic spiral sculpture, T. rapta has been assigned to the subgenus Strioterebrum.

Parietal wall thinly glazed, posterior margin of fasciole sharply elevated, its extremity notched in harmony with the growth lines.

Dimensions: Height, 16.5 [17.2] millimeters; maximum diameter, 4.3 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 107389.

From Spineoterebra psilis and all other members of the genus it differs in that the axials are uniform in strength between the sutures and are not raised anteriorly into more or less prominent knobs. Occurrence: Shoal River formation, localities 3742°, Type locality: No. 2646, Oak Grove, Yellow River,

3856..

Genus SPINEOTEREBRA Sacco

Spineoterebra psilis (Dall) is the only member of this 1891. I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della well-characterized group that has been noted in the

Liguria, pt. 10, p. 58.

Monotype: Terebra spinulosa Doderlein. (A guide fossil of the Tortonian (middle Miocene) of the Piedmont).

Okaloosa County, Fla.

Alum Bluff.

Occurrence: Oak Groves and, localities 2646, 5632г.

POSITION UNCERTAIN

Group of Terebra aulakoessa Gardner, n. sp.

Shell small, acuminate, uniformly tapering, not constricted at the suture; axial costae uniform in

Shell rather small, fusoid or subscalariform; sculpture dominantly axial, costae elevated into more or less prominent nodes in front of the suture, commonly simulating an obtuse shouldering; presutural sulcus character over the entire surface; spiral sculpture greatly reduced or altogether absent; spiral sculpture altogether absent upon the earlier whorls, manifested absent or inconspicuous; columella nonplicate; siphonal in a feeble presutural depression upon the later; columfasciole together with the posterior keel commonly ella short, simple, feebly recurved, twisted but not

obscure.

This well-characterized genus has a meager representation in the Tertiary and Recent faunas.

Spineoterebra psilis (Dall)

Plate XXXVIII, figure 20

1900. Terebra psilis Dall, Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1197, pl. 41, fig. 11. (No description.)

Shell rather small, slender, turriculate, probably, when perfect, of 13 or 14 volutions, which increase regularly in size. Axial costals slightly knobbed about one-third of the distance from the posterior to

definitely plicate.

The small imperfect specimen described below under the name Terebra aulakoessa is the only representative of an apparently undescribed group. It has much in common with Diplomeriza Dall, typified by Terebra duplicata Lamarck from the Indo-Pacific, but the Recent species is very much larger, with a pronounced and sharply defined columellar plication and a decidedly longer anterior canal. No superspecific name can be founded on material so inadequate.

Dall, W. H., Nautilus, vol. 33, p. 32, 1919. Duplicaria Dall, Nautilus, vol. 21, pp. 124, 125, 1908; not Duplicaria Rafinesque, Atlantic Jour., 1833, p. 165.

Shell small, slender, polished, regular in profile. Whorls probably 10 in the perfect adult, flattened The new turritids of the Puerto Rican deep recovered trapezoidal, increasing uniformly in size. Body whorl by the Johnson-Smithsonian Deep Sea Expedition have smoothly rounded at the base. Spiral sculpture absent been described by the leader of the expedition, Dr. Paul except for an impressed sulcus, which is exceedingly Bartsch, curator of the division of mollusks and Cenofaint on the early whorls of the conch and which only zoic invertebrates in the U. S. National Museum, and a

very feebly depresses the costae upon the medial portion but broadens somewhat and obtusely dissects them on the later whorls. Costae 17 or 18 on the ultima and penult, narrow, pinched, feebly protractive, uniform in strength, continuous in direction between the sutures, offset at the sutures on the later whorls but not on the earlier, abruptly evanescent at the periphery of the body; intercostal areas smoothly concave. Sutures 1928. Polystira Woodring, Miocene mollusks of Bowden, Ja

Shell slender, fusiform, the maximum diameter The most promising investigation of the east-coast approximating the median horizontal. Whorls probturritids from shallow and moderate depths was that of ably as many as 20 in all in a perfect adult, increasing John B. Henderson. His major groupings were based regularly but rather slowly. Protoconch sharply upon the nuclear whorls. He studied and grouped with differentiated, equaling in diameter the initial whorl of great care and with intelligence the specimens in the the conch; nucleus of about 1% turns, the first whorl east-coast collections in the National Museum and in somewhat bulbous and immersed at the tip, rapidly his own large collections. A remarkable correlation between the character of the nucleus and the nature of

increasing in altitude; axial sculpture introduced numerous and more feeble. In consequence the oblique within the last half turn, the striae 10, increasingly less striations of the interspiral areas are much more obvious feeble toward the conch. Line of demarcation between in the earlier species. The differences in the conchs are, the conch and protoconch marked by the abrupt however, much less radical than in the protoconchs. In cessation of the axial ribbing and the equally abrupt the Chipola form the protoconch is almost or quite as initiation of 3 symmetrically spaced spiral lirae, the great in diameter as the initial whorl of the conch, and medial the strongest and the anterior a little more the axial sculpture is restricted to the last half turn. feeble than the posterior. Medial spiral growing The protoconch of the Recent species is smaller, higher, increasingly prominent toward the aperture both and more tapering. The number of smooth turns is absolutely and relatively, while the anterior becomes approximately the same in both species, but in P. almost or quite as strong as the posterior primary upon the later turns; medial and anterior spirals becoming farther and farther removed from the anterior suture, so that in the adult a fourth primary is commonly The species is abundant throughout the Chipola introduced directly behind the suture; interspiral formation. The Alum Bluff forms run stouter than areas strongly concave and obliquely lineated, with those from the Chipola River, but they agree in the strong incrementals, which are retractive behind the characters of the protoconch and the details of the periphery and protractive in front of it; intercalaries sculpture of the conch. The Bowden analog is much rather feeble and irregular upon the later whorls, closer in nuclear characters to the Chipola form than usually a rather strongly and finely nodulated thread to the Recent.

virgo the axial ribbing is introduced before the beginning of the last complete volution instead of within the last half turn.

between the suture and the posterior spiral, with a Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities, 2212a, fortuitous finer threadlet in front of it; none to 5 lirae 2213a, 2564°, 3419a, 2211o.

between the posterior and the peripheral spiral, none

to 4 between the periphery and the primary in front of

it, and a similar number between the third and fourth 1890. Pleuroliria De Gregorio, Monographie de la faune éocé

Subgenus PLEUROLIRIA De Gregorio

nique de l'Alabama, p. 38.

Type (by original designation): Pleurotoma (Pleuroliria) supramirifica De Gregorio = P. cochlearis Conrad

primaries or between the third primary and the suture; primaries upon the body 5 or 6, gradually decreasing in prominence in front of the periphery; 3 or 4 sharply defined secondaries usually developed at the base of pars. (Vicksburg Oligocene of Mississippi.) the body, and upon the pillar 9 to 12 lirae with finer The subgenus is characterized by the absence of intercalaries which grow increasingly finer anteriorly. axial sculpture, except for laminar incrementals, and Anterior fasciole threaded with 6 obscure lirae. Suture by the presence of spiral carinae. The nuclear whorls lines concealed by the sculpture. Aperture narrow, a are more numerous than in Polystira s. s. and the anlittle less than half as high as the entire shell. Outer terior canal shorter. Unlike Polystira, Pleuroliria is lip expanded and flaring incrementally from the suture represented in the lower Tertiary. Possibly the rank to the base of the body. Posterior commissure rather of subgenus is excessive for this group.

sharp, the outer lip angulated at the posterior spiral. Siphonal notch profound, V-shaped, coincident with the peripheral spiral. Throat strongly lirate in harmony with the external sculpture. Parietal wall thinly glazed. Canal long, straight, with proximate parallel margins.

Dimensions: Height, 10.6 millimeters; height of aperture, 5.1 millimeters; maximum diameter, 3.5 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 113990. The holotype is, unfortunately, a juvenile, selected because it exhibits better than any of the adults the diagnostic characters of the protoconch.

Type locality: No. 2213, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Fla.

Polystira (Pleuroliria) tenagos Gardner, n. sp.
Plate XXXVIII, figures 25, 26

Shell rather large and rather slender. Whorls probably about 18 in a complete adult. Nucleus small, acutely tapering, made up of 4 to 44 volutions; surface somewhat decorticated and sculpture obscured; earliest turn minute but broadly inflated, immersed at the tip; succeeding nuclear turns gradually increasing in diameter and flattening laterally; axial sculpture probably introduced near the beginning of the second volution, the axial riblets 17 or 18 upon the final nuclear whorl, feebly arcuate and persistent from suture to suture. Line of demarcation between the conch and protoconch marked by the abrupt disappearance of the axial sculpture and the equally abrupt appearance of a single prominent spiral liration slightly in front of the median line, which rapidly increases in prominence and becomes the periphery in the adult shell; a second less

Polystira albidoides has been confused with Polystira virgo, of the Recent fauna, a species which attains a higher altitude. (See pl. 38, fig. 23.) The general type of ornamentation is the same in both, but in the Miocene form the primary spirals are sharper and more clearly prominent spiral, appearing directly in front of the differentiated, and the secondaries are much less suture within the first half turn, gradually becoming