stronger and assuming a position about midway be- shorter anterior canal. From P. albidoides of the

posterior primary; anterior suture revolving directly line and sculpture, though apparently it contains only

mentals. Suture line distinct but very inconspicuous. 1889. Hemipleurotoma Cossmann, Catalogue illustré des

Peripheral nodules not exceeding 32; area between the posterior primary and the posterior suture smooth or feebly lirate.

Hemipleurotoma eileta Gardner, n. sp. Peripheral nodules exceeding 32; area between the posterior primary and the posterior suture bearing a single, sharply elevated secondary ---Hemipleurotoma bitropis Gardner, n. sp.

Hemipleurotoma eileta Gardner, n. sp.

Plate XXXVIII, figures 27, 28

Type locality: No. 3856, 5 to 6 miles west-northwest of Mossyhead, Walton County, Fla.

Hemipleurotoma eileta is readily separable from Pleuroliria tenagos, the only other species which exceeds it in abundance in the Shoal River fauna, by the smaller size, shorter anterior canal, and nodular periphery. It is larger than H. bitropis, less compact, and more obtusely sculptured. The posterior spiral is relatively less prominent and more remote from the periphery. Shell of moderate size for the genus, not very slender, The periphery is less sharply and less closely nodthe maximum diameter falling well in front of the ulated, and the marginal lirae upon it are commonly median line. Whorls probably about 14 in all in the completely fused on the adult shell. The secondaries perfect adult. Nucleus small, acutely tapering, of 4 are much less sharp, and threadlike tertiaries are component volutions; initial turn smooth and rather commonly present, but there is no threadlet developed low, broadly rounded; second turn higher, the convexity behind the posterior spiral as in H. bitropis. The insymmetrical and increasingly strong toward the conch, cremental sculpture of H. eileta is much finer and does so that the final whorl of the protoconch suggests an not sharply sulcate the surface behind the periphery. Epitonium volution in outline as well as in the axial Hemipleurotoma eileta is closely related to H. ponsculpture of very narrow, sharply pinched axial riblets. tonensis (Dall), from the Dominican Republic, a someLine of demarcation between conch and protoconch less what more slender species with a longer anterior sharp than in many of the group, indicated by the canal, rather less numerous and more elevated periphabrupt disappearance of the axials from the posterior eral nodes, and more prominent spiral lirae behind the portion of the whorl and their gradual evanescence periphery. H. pontonensis has also been reported from from the anterior and by the gradual initiation of a the Panama region.

peripheral band which later is differentiated into two Pleurotoma (Gemmula) vaningeni Brown and Pilsbry, equal lirations separated by an interspiral of approxi- from the Gatun formation of the Panama Canal Zone, mately the same width; band becoming increasingly differs only in sculpture detail. The peripheral axials prominent and crowning the periphery of the adult are more conspicuously tuberculate, especially on the whorls; marginal lirae broadening and more or less com- earlier whorls, and rather more numerous, and the pletely fusing on the later volutions. Axials manifested spiral lirae are coarser and sharper. These differences in the adult stage only in the sharp peripheral nodula- are most obvious upon the whorls of the spire where the tions, 25 to 30 in the later turns. Posterior spiral in- sculpture of H. eileta is characteristically lacking in troduced within the first turn of the conch and becom- uniformity.

ing increasingly sharp and more elevated, not affected Another species, obviously related closely to H. by the axial sculpture, not even by the incrementals; eileta, is Turris brassoensis Mansfield, a middle Miocene a very much less prominent thread intercalated mid-form from Trinidad. The distribution of these three way between the periphery and the forward suture; 3 species, one characteristic of the Shoal River, another fine, secondary threadlets with a few tertiaries gradu- from Ponton, Dominican Republic, and the third from ally introduced the anterior the earliest-between the the Brasso beds of Trinidad, is not without stratiperiphery and the posterior primary. Body sculptured graphic significance.

in front of the periphery with 3 primaries separated by Occurrence: Shoal River formation, localities 3856a, much wider and very finely lirate interspirals, with a 3732, 3742°, 3731", 5080", 5618".

Hemipleurotoma bitropis Gardner, n. sp.
Plate XXXVIII, figure 29

Shell rather small for the group but rather solid.

less elevated spiral upon the base. Pillar threaded with about 10 lirae and in places intercalaries and 6 additional threadlets upon the siphonal fasciole. Aperture expanded posteriorly. Outer lip flaring both incrementally and away from the axis. Posterior Whorls probably about 12 in a perfect adult, regularly siphonal notch coincident with the periphery, profound, increasing in size. Nucleus decorticated but apparently broadly U-shaped. Throat sharply lirate in harmony similar in general characters to that of H. eileta, small, with the external sculpture, the lirae abruptly evanes- acutely tapering, of about 4 volutions, the last 2 or cent, however, at some distance from the outer margin. more ribbed with very narrow, pinched axials. Spiral Parietal wall heavily glazed. Canal rather short, sculpture initiated in much the same manner as in straight, with parallel proximate margins.

Dimensions: Height, 25.0± millimeters; length of aperture, 10.0± millimeters; maximum diameter, 8.6 millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 351142.

H. eileta; adult sculpture similar in general characters but distinct in details; peripheral band broad, located about two-thirds the distance from the posterior to the anterior suture; margins of band outlined by two welldefined spiral lirae which rarely fuse even in the adult; nodules from 35 to 40, fine and crowded; posterior the fasciole rather than upon the peripheral keel and spiral as elevated as the keel, though much narrower from the old Drillia by the longer anterior canal.

and simple; anterior spiral very low and directly behind the suture line; one and on the later whorls

two sharp lirae developed on the oblique shoulder 1928. Fusiturricula Woodring, Miocene mollusks from Bowden,

Genus FUSITURRICULA Woodring

Jamaica, pt. 2; Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 385, pp. 165-166.

Type (by original designation): Turris (Surcula) fusinella Dall. (Recent in the Gulf of Panama.)

by spiral threads. Anal fasciole flat or concave.

between the posterior primary and the suture; area between the periphery and the posterior primary sharply concave; a single secondary developed on the posterior slope and two upon the anterior; a similar threadlet directly in front of the base of the peripheral band Shell small or medium-sized, slender, "Fusus"-like. Nucleus and separated from the spiral which outlines the suture smooth, consisting of a few whorls, slender or stout, in the type by a smoothly concave area in which the incremental species slender and consisting of almost 3 uniformly enlarging whorls. Aperture narrow. Anterior canal long, narrow, slightly sculpture is very feeble. Incrementals very prominent curved, expanded at base, unemarginate. Anal sinus wide, and retractive behind the periphery, minutely crenulat- moderately deep, adjoining suture. Outer lip extending far ing the secondary threadlets but not affecting the pos- forward. Sculpture consisting of swollen axial ribs, overridden terior primary, much less prominent and protractive in front of the periphery. Body in front of the periphery sculptured with four simple spirals, which decrease gradually in prominence anteriorly. Pillar lirate, the lirae increasingly fine and crowded toward the anterior extremity. Aperture less than half as high as the entire shell, rather narrow, expanding posteriorly. Outer lip thin, sharp, flaring incrementally; broadly and deeply sinuate. Posterior siphonal notch deep following the peripheral band; peripheral lirae developed well within the margin of the outer lip. Parietal wall smooth, thinly glazed. Canal straight, moderately long, with proximate parallel margins.

Dimensions: Height, 19.0± millimeters; length of aperture, 8.0 millimeters; maximum diameter, 6.0±

millimeters.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 371056.
Type locality: No. 3856, 6 miles west-northwest of
Mossyhead, Walton County, Fla.

Hemipleurotoma bitropis suggests a very finely and closely sculptured H.eileta. They both possess a broad, nodose, peripheral band; a prominent posterior spiral; a rather prominent anterior spiral with intercalated secondaries; and incremental sculpture of more or less consequence. H. bitropis is smaller, however, and more closely and elaborately sculptured. The peripheral band is more finely and more sharply nodulated; the marginal lirae are rarely fused completely, even in the adult; the posterior primary is almost or quite as elevated as the periphery in front of it; the secondaries are fine but very sharp and are developed behind the posterior primary as well as in front of it. The incremental sulci are rather irregular but sharply incised.

The species has been recognized only at the type locality, but it is not uncommon there. Its resemblance to Turris brassoensis Mansfield from the Brasso clays of Trinidad is sufficiently close to be of stratigraphic significance.

The aperture of the only specimen of the type species is imperfect, and the above description is based partly on "Turris (Surcula)" armilda Dall, a living species from the Pacific coast of Mexico, which would have been taken as the type, but no specimens have a perfect nucleus.

The "Fusus"-like shape and sculpture are striking features of

this genus. All the fossil specimens examined have imperfect apertures, but the growth lines show that the outer lip extends

far forward.

*

*

Fusiturricula is represented by Miocene species in the West Indian region but now is no longer found there. In company with many other West Indian Miocene genera it is now living in the Panamic and Mazatlanic regions. In the Eocene and

Oligocene deposits of southeastern United States it is replaced by Pleurofusia De Gregorio (Mon. Faune éoc. l'Alabama, pp.

33-34, 1890; type, by original designation, Pleurotoma (Pleurofusia) longirostropis De Gregorio, Eocene, Alabama). No specimens of longirostropis are in the collections of the United States National Museum from Claiborne, specimens so labeled representing a short-canaled "Drillia"-like turrid with fusoid sculpture. De Gregorio's figure shows that longirostropis is quite small and has a canal of moderate length. It seems probable that Pleurotoma servata Conrad, a larger species from the upper Oligocene Byram marl of Mississippi, represents Pleurofusia. This species has a conical nucleus of more than

4 whorls that enlarge very rapidly from the minute apical whorl. It is assumed that this nucleus represents the nucleus of Pleuro

fusia, and, although servata in other features can hardly be distinguished from the species of Fusiturricula, the difference in nuclear characters seems to be fundamental enough to assign generic rank to it. --Woodring, 1928.

Altitude of adult shell exceeding 18 millimeters; axials not exceeding 12 on the later whorls; spirals not uniform in size in front of the fasciole - Fusiturricula paraservata Gardner, n.sp. Altitude of adult shell not exceeding 18 millimeters; axials exceeding 12 on the later whorls; spirals uniform in size and spacing in front of the fasciole.

Fusiturricula glaphura Gardner, n. sp.

Fusiturricula paraservata Gardner, n. sp.
Plate XXXVIII, figures 30, 31

Shell moderately large, slender, Fusus-like in outline

Occurrence: Shoal River formation, locality 3856. and in general aspect. Whorls approximately 10. The four succeeding species were formerly included Nucleus large and well elevated, coiled between 22 under Surcula, a group differing from the old Turris and 24 times; first half of three-quarter turn largely by the placing of the posterior siphonal notch upon submerged, the two succeeding volutions erect, elevated, the earlier the more inflated but of approxi- tinct nuclear characters, less elevated and less undulamately the same diameter as the later turn. Line of tory axials, and a very fine and regular spiral threading demarcation between conch and protoconch sinuous, upon the posterior fasciole and the spaces between the rather obscure; a couple of feeble and irregular axial primaries. The Ballast Point specimens are probably wrinkles on the last quarter turn of the protoconch; distinct from both the Vicksburg and the Chipola. spiral sculpture initiated at the beginning of the conch It is very difficult at first or even second glance to in the form of exceedingly faint sulci, 2 or 3 on the believe that this species is not a Fusinus. In outline, posterior portion of the whorl, that directly in front in the close appression of the whorls, and in the of the suture line the least feeble; true axials intro- elevated, broadly undulating axials it is readily dupliduced within the first quarter turn of the conch, rather cated among the Fusidae, notably in Fusinus, but

broad, rounded, slightly protractive, strongest medially, evanescent posteriorly; a low, broad peripheral cord gradually established within the last half of the first conchal turn and another, similar to it, halfway between the periphery and the anterior suture. General features of adult form and sculpture established within the first 4 whorls. Outline of adult whorls modified by very prominent undulatory axial ribs, most elevated peripherally, evanescent posteriorly but persistent to the anterior suture and well down upon the base of the body, 10 upon the later adult turns. Spiral sculpture absent for the most part upon the fasciole but well developed in front of it; primaries cordate, equally prominent upon the costal and intercostal areas, 2 or 3 upon the medial whorls, 4 or even 5 upon the later, and 7 upon the body, separated by wider interspaces in which fortuitous secondaries are in places introduced upon the spire and regularly upon

rarely among the Turritidae. The diagnostic character-the deep posterior sinus-is usually inconspicuous. The margin of the outer lip is rarely preserved intact, and the traces of the former extension of the sinus left in the incremental sculpture are unusually feeble.

The species is restricted in its known distribution to the Chipola fauna.

Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities 2213°, 2564, 3419P.

Fusiturricula? glaphura Gardner, n. sp.

Plate XXXVIII, figures 32, 33

Shell, small, highly polished, fusiform, acutely tapering posteriorly, the body whorl abruptly constricted and terminating in a moderately long anterior canal. Protoconch small but elevated, smooth, highly polished; initial whorl largely submerged; second turn inflated

the body of the adult; pillar evenly lirate, the anterior near its beginning, becoming increasingly flattened fasciole closely threaded with much finer and sharper laterally. Line of demarcation between conch and lirae; posterior fasciole between one-third and one- protoconch more or less irregular, as a rule marked by half as wide as the whorl, obscurely undulated by the an abrupt change in the texture and color of the shell axials, smooth or with 3 or 4 very fine and faint lirae and by the gradual introduction of protractive axial on the anterior portion. Incremental sculpture unusu- costae, evanescent posteriorly, and by the elevation ally feeble. Margin raised directly in front of the of the margin of the whorl directly in front of the suture, very closely appressed and undulated by the suture. General characters of adult sculpture estabaxials of the preceding volution in a manner common lished within the first three turns of the conch; whorl among some of the Fusidae and the Muricidae but becoming obliquely shouldered or feebly concave on extremely rare among the turritids. Aperture nar- the posterior third or half, closely appressed in front rowly pyriform, rather abruptly constricted at the of the suture. Axials broad, rounded, undulatory, base of the body; outer lip expanded, simple within. feebly protractive, separated by intercostals of equal Siphonal notch broad, moderately deep, symmetrically width or a little narrower, 11 to 13 on the earlier placed between the periphery and the suture. Inner whorls, increasing to 15 or 16 on the later, persisting margin of aperture gently concave, nonplicate. Parie- from the periphery to the anterior suture but almost tal wall smoothly glazed. Anterior canal rather long, or entirely obsolete behind the periphery and upon the slender, almost straight, with parallel proximate base of the body. Spiral sculpture less prominent than margins. the axial; spirals very low and straplike, restricted Dimensions of immature individual: Height, 27.8 like the axials to the area between the periphery and millimeters; maximum diameter, 9.6 millimeters. The the anterior suture, normally 4 upon the medial and

adults are all in such bad shape that an immature form
has been selected for figuring.

Holotype: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 328487.
Paratype (protoconch): U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 328488.
Type locality: No. 3419, McClelland farm, 1 mile
below Baileys Ferry, Calhoun County, Fla.

The Vicksburg servata with which this species has been confused in the synonymies is smaller, with dis

later volutions, commonly with secondaries regularly intercalated upon the final whorls of the adult, which may approximate the primaries in width and elevation; base of body whorl and pillar closely and evenly lirated; area behind the periphery usually grooved with 4 incised lines, those in the maximum area of depression broadest and deepest; growth lines distinct upon the fasciole but obscured elsewhere by the heavier cated on the early whorls of the conch by a crenulation whorl in front of the periphery lirated to the anterior