with their offices, that, after taking care of themselves, and their brothers, and uncles, and nephews, they will provide out of their power of patronage, for their partisan friends exclusively. A pregnant illustration of this rule appears in Noah's History of New York, in the case of one of the Chancellors of that state. The purport of the record is to this effect;-That immediately upon the appointment being announced to the new incumbent—who was a country farmer-he took the boat for the city of New York, to comply with the "immemorial usages of the party;" where, says the veracious Noah, "he hastened to smoke the calumet of peace with the grand Sachems, and hold a long talk by the council fires of St. Tammany." The meaning of all this is, that the new Chancellor, according to custom, treated his party to a sumptuous dinner.-It was paid for, I am told, by the Corporation of New York,-but he had the credit of it, —and he gave a public pledge, as to the course he would pursue. He appointed on the spot, two Sachems,-Black Hawk and Tecumseh,—to be masters in chancery, in the city of New York. In the course of the evening, the grand object of the assemblage was effected; and upon this, Noah seems to dwell with great delight. I must quote him again—“ and now came the time for the taking of the vows, and for the proof that the people had not been mistaken in their man.— Supported by William-s-co and Jack-targy, and six other chiefs, bearing bucks-tails, the noviciate arose under a canopy of Irish linen, bearing the motto Spolia Opima.' Nine cheers shook the vaulted roof of the venerable wigwam, while the signs of triumph were displayed. At length, the general voice of joy becoming husky, the new elect, laying hold of the ear of a half demolished cold pig, on the table, before him, to signify thereby, that he would go the

whole hog-pledged the toast, and vowed the vow, which binds us to him forever. He swore to be ours, and ours alone. To take care of number one first, and then provide for his friends. Nay, such was the generous and magnanimous feeling of the moment, that he drank Death to the man that won't take care of his friends, and decide their causes in their favor.'

This Chancellor, I am informed by Mr. O'Flanagan, during his term of office, was true to his pledge. He, immediately turned out of office all the Vice Chancellors, and Registers, and Clerks of the eight different Circuits of the state, and provided for eight of his brothers two of his brothers-in-law, three uncles, and an innumerable quantity of second cousins, and distant relatives in the country.This was not all; as my friend informed me ; for with judicious regard to a proper reward, for his kindness to his friends he went into partnership with all the new officers of his appointment and divided receipts with them. That his new partners should not suffer by this encroachment, he added to the fees of their office, and required things to be done, which, O'Flanagan said needed not to have been done; and to prevent complaint out of doors he reduced the fees of the solicitors and counsel of the court, in a correspondent ratio. Of this Mr. O'F. complained bitterly, and said that the next thing he expected was that a rule would come out, requiring every lawyer who had a case, to go to the register, or assistant register, and give him a fee to draw his bill or answer. These things, however, I do not well comprehend; but they show plainly enough what republics are. One thing, O'Flanagan told me, I think worth mentioning. After all the people of the other party had been turned out, and their places supplied, there were seven men left unprovided for, to whom the new

officer was deeply pledged. Having no other mode to reward them, he appointed them extra sergeants at arms, for the express purpose of bringing him water to drink, while engaged in Court. The joke of it is, that to keep them in employment, he was obliged to drink most lustily, and be taking potations during every moment of the day. It was one eternal sip, sip, sip. The lawyers looked on in amazement at the Tantalian rapacity of his thirst, and the Manhattan Company sent a petition to the legislature upon the subject. But the committee of the house to whom the matter was referred, were all of the Chancellor's party, and they reported that the imbibition complained of, was no more than was necessary in the officer who had the charge of all lunatics and poor widows with small children, and that the practice was commendable, since it kept constantly before the eyes of the bar, a glorious example of the preference of cold water, to brandy. Thus sustained, and the sign of Aquarius thus preferred, the Chancellor drank with redoubled zeal, and appointed two new deputy sergeants at arms. But alas! the aquatic influences at last overwhelmed him, and he finally died of the dropsy. I saw his tomb-stone, erected in St. Tammany's church-yard. On it is written a long eulogium, concluding with these words; "Of him it may be truly said, that while he lived he was no small light,' and that he held his office dum bene, etiam optime, res pro se et suis gessit.'

* The constitutional term of his appointment to office.

AN UNPUBLISHED CHAPTER OF COL. HAMIL

TON.

[PICKED UP BY THE CHAMBERMAID, AT HIS LODGINGS.]

No intelligent traveller can fail to be struck on his arrival in this country, with the wretched condition of the lower order of the natives. The baleful effects of democracy can be read at once in their pale, emaciated countenances. Instead of the industry and honest ambition of European countries, their badge and brand is an indolent and thievish indigence. In no city in the world are there so many paupers as in New York. A stranger is constantly beset by them, and finds his own safety in the distribution of the contents of his purse. The precarious supplies obtained in this manner, support a large majority of the population. Great numbers of what are called the respectable classes, subsist entirely upon a kind of poor, small, yellow oysters, which are found in great abundance, at low water, upon a flat on the west side of the city, called the Canal Street Plan. I have seen thousands of people, men, women and children, floundering and flapping through the mud, on the Plan in the middle of the hottest days, toiling and sweating, and eating their truly republican dinners. Not unfrequently, more than one piscivorous gourmand dashes at the same shell-fish; and then are enacted scenes that shock a civilized beholder. Oysterknives and blood become well acquainted. It is not uncommon for hundreds of people to be murdered in one of these conflicts.

It is really refreshing, after witnessing these distressing evidences of the turbulent spirit of democracy, to turn to the contemplation of a people that has felt the happy in

fluence of king and lords, game-laws, taxes and tithes. I often go down to the Liverpool packet ships, to relieve my disgust by a sight of something human. "Home, sweet home," rushes upon my memory, when I see these castles of the sea disembogue their freights of wholesome emigrants from the United Kingdoms. These hardy, enterprising, adventurous subjects of our glorious sovereign, are the only salt to be found on American earth. It is delightful to see them, as they stream along the wharves, dressed in their neat green frocks, white vests, and whole corduroy breeches, with a steadiness and solemnity which nothing could have taught but the influence of a sound government, and a bench of bishops. Immense sums of money are brought into the States by the emigrants; and I was informed by Mr. Biddle the cashier of the National Republican Bank, that a greater revenue was drawn from the deposits made by these new comers than from any other source. From this class of individuals, too, have sprung all the distinguished men of the country. They are the only exception from the general charge of poverty and crime, which must be recorded against the United States. I have the best authority for this; for the district attorney of New York told me, in confidence, that not a single individual of the three kingdoms had had a charge preferred against him, in the police office, for seven years and a half. These remarks cannot be applied to any other of the foreigners who flock to this land of liberties. Their condition is not much superior to that of the natives themselves. The Dutch and the Swiss struggle through a miserable existence, in New Jersey, and Pensylvania; living principally upon cotton pods and the exterior filaments of the sugar cane, which these states produce in abundance. They are the mere helots of the Yankees in New England, who VOL. II.-11