or 23976 of an inch.-Ans. Question 90. Breadth of the river= R. T. Question 91. Time between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder=" 1142 x 35 x 60 73 35 x 60 ; consequently, 73 32852-0547 feet; or six miles, 390-6839 yards the distance at which the concussion took place. PHILOMATH. Question 92. 7912 x 7854x4-196663355.7504 square miles. Question 93. Again, the superficial admeasurement of a sphere varies as the area of one of their great circles, and the areas of circles are to each other as the squares of their diameters. .. if y=the diameter required, y2: 79122 ::2:1, or y2 79122 × 2. .. y=7912x √√2 =7912 × 1·414213 =11189.253256 miles. quired. Question 88. = = = -(412—1) = 4-1 3 £93,206 15s., the amount reJ. S. Number of positions = 1x2x3x4x5x6720. Any one thing (a) admits of one position; any two admit of two positions, as, a b, or b a, or 1 x 2. If there be three, a, b, and c, any two of them, omitting the third, will have 1x 2 variations; and therefore, when the third is taken, they admit of 1×2×3 variations. If there be four things, any three of them, omitting the fourth, will have 1x2×3 variations; and if the fourth be taken, there will be 1×2×3×4 variations; and so on. W. D. Question 89. 17 lbs. 272 ounces. Let y=the diameter of the hemisphere; J. F. L. Substituting the value of the first equation, we 45 y-5 y have, 81-18 y + y2+ y2 =· 2 ; 162 81 + 9 6 (b) 6. Find a decimal fraction corresponding to of of (b) 7. Explain the principles involved in the performance of the foregoing operations. (c) 8. Required, the sum of an arithmetical series of 100 terms, whose first term is 1, and the common difference 3. (c) 9. Explain the nature of the performance of question 8. (c) 10. The length of a degree of a given circle is 70. Required, the chord of an arc of 60°. (c) 11. Required, the content in imperial gallons of a cylindrical vessel, of which the depth is 8 feet and the diameter of the base 6 feet. (c) 12. Given, { x y=x+y= 21 to find a and y. Note. The questions marked (a) are to be worked by the first division; those marked (b), by the second; and those marked (c), by the third. This plan will be adopted throughout the course. For remarks respecting the Grammar and Mathematical Classes, see Wrapper. PHONETIC SHORT-HAND CLASS. From the numerous inquiries which we have received during the existence of this magazine as to the best system of short-hand and the readiest method of acquiring a knowledge of it, we have learnt that there is a strong desire in many of our subscribers to become familiar with this time-saving art; nor do we wonder at it, for, as Dr. Johnson says, " Its usefulness is not confined to any particular science or profession, but is universal." In answer to the inquiries thus received, we have already recommended Pitman's Phonography, not because we wished to disparage other systems, but because we had tested the value of this, and derived innumerable advantages from its daily use during a period of some ten or twelve years. We have now the pleasure of affording our readers additional facilities for acquiring a knowledge of Phonography or Phonetic ShortHand, by opening a separate class for its study. For the conductorship of this class we have been fortunate enough to secure the services of a gentleman who has had much experience in the work; we recommend m to the confidence of our readers, and trust that he will be surrounded by a large number of diligent students.-EDS. 1st LESSON. afforded by the editors of this magazine of directing the studies of some of their subscribers in the delightful art of Phonography. Being acquainted with the art ourselves, and knowing the many useful purposes to which it may be applied, especially by the young and studious,-we have always found much pleasure in teaching it to others. In these feelings our students will soon participate, if they will pursue the study of the system in an earnest and persevering manner. At the commencement it will be necessary for us to mention the books which will be required during the course, and they are as follows:"The Manual of Phonography," ninth edition, price 15. und "The Phonographic Instructor, price 6d.; and the "Copybook," price 3d. These are all the works absolutely necessary for acquiring a knowledge of phonetic short-hand. They are published by Pitman, 20, Paternosterrow, London, and may be had on order through any bookseller. As, however, there are several editions of the manual out, and it is important that all who join our class should possess the last, we will undertake to supply our students with the three books through the post, on the receipt of 2s. 3d. in postage stamps. We should wish as many applications as possible to be made before the 5th instant; they should be addressed to the editors of this magazine, and be marked on the outside, "Phonetic Short-hand Class." Supposing, then, our students to have obtained their books, we should wish them to commence operations on the 9th instant, and we strongly recommend all to devote at least one hour a day to the performance of the following exercises: 1. Read and study the "Introduction" to the system in the "Manual," and the prefatory remarks in the "Instructor." 2. Learn the consonants in the "Phonographic Alphabet," on page 6 of the "Instructor," and study the remarks upon them on page 7. 3. Copy page 8 of the "Instructor" into the "Copybook," repeating the names of the letters as you make their signs. This should be done twice with a pencil and twice with a pen. 4. Read and copy remarks on the consonants, from pages 27 and 28 of the " Manual." 5. Read and copy, several times, pages 9 and 10 of the Instructor." 6. Write a fair copy of all the exercises that you have done, and send it to us by the 18th instant. This we shall correct and return after registration We cheerfully avail ourselves of the opportunity if postage stamps are enclosed. The Societies Section. REPORTS OF MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT SOCIETIES. Chipping-Sodbury Mutual Improvement Society. The annual soirée of the members and friends of this society was held at the Town-hall, on Tuesday evening, Oct. 11; and, each member having the privilege of inviting one friend, a party of nearly one hundred and twenty assembled on the occasion. After a comfortable tea, the chair was taken by the Rev. F. H. Roleston (in the absence of the president, Mr. Holborow), and the report of the proceedings of the past year was read by the secretary, from which it appeared that during that time the society had increased from thirty-nine to seventy members, and that eightysix volumes had been added to the library. A list of the lectures, essays, discussions, &c., by members of the society, was also given, and afforded cheering evidence of mental activity. After the adoption of the report, the chairman announced various sentiments as subjects for remark from any persons present; such as,"Success to the Chipping-Sodbury Mutual Improvement Society," "The Ladies," &c.,-- these were responded to by some of the members in a manner which conduced greatly to the hilarity and enjoyment of the meeting. In the course of the evening a plentiful dessert of fruit was provided, and several pieces of music were performed by some of the Harmonic Society. A most agreeable evening's entertainment, which will be long remembered with pleasure, was concluded, about half-past nine o'clock (after the proposal of several new members), by singing" God save the Queen" in enthusiastic chorus. Hirwaun Mutual Improvement Society. The annual meeting of this society was held on Nov. 4, at the Freemen's schoolroom. The chair was taken, at eight o'clock precisely, by Mr. H. E. Thomas. The report of the treasurer showed the finances to be in a very flourishing condition. Thanks were voted to the retired officers, and the following gentlemen were elected for the ensuing quarter:Mr. Sims, chairman; Mr. Jeffreys, treasurer; Mr. H. E. Thomas, secretary. The chairmanelect entered at great length into the objects of the society, and clearly showed the advantages to be derived from it, not only in an intellectual, but in a moral point of view. The members separated at ten o'clock, expressing themselves well pleased with the proceedings of the evening. The Forfar Debating and Literary Society was instituted September 2, 1853. A meeting of a few young men was called, and a resolution was immediately agreed to that a society should be formed, and a remit made to a committee to draw up rules and to report. Another meeting was called, at which the rules were adopted, and every necessary arrangement made for carrying on the society. The following gentlemen were also elected as office-bearers for the first session :Mr. Charles Laing, president; Mr. William Clinkskel, vice-president; Mr. John Kydd, secretary; and Mr. Charles Mill Hendry, treasurer. The society meets weekly, on Tuesday evenings, for discussions and the reading of essays; and also on every alternate Friday for readings from the best authors, and for the study of elocution. Essays have been read by Mr. John Kydd on "The Present Age-its History, Progress, and Literary Aspects;" by Mr. William Clinkskel, on "The Social Position of the Working Classes, and their Prospects; by Mr. John Kydd, on "Printing;" by Mr. John Melvin, on "Liberty;" by Mr. Charles Laing, on " The Working Classes how may they be Improved in their Condition?" and by Mr. Charles Mill Hendry, on "Education." The society is much indebted to the town council for the grant of the Academy for its meetings. The society, at its formation, also received most kind assistance and information from Mr. James Cowan, of Edinburgh, who takes an active interest in societies of the kind. The British Controversialist is taken by some of the members, and I have no doubt they reap great advantage from its perusal: I do not hesitate to recommend it to the favourable notice of every young man and every debating society in the kingdom.-J. K. Beith Templetonian Discussion Society. This society was formed by a young man who has now left the country; and, as a memento of him, the remaining members associated his name with that of the society. The first meeting of the society was held in February, 1851; and since then its operations have been carried on with considerable interest and success. The first meeting of the present session was recently held, | when officers were elected, and a discussion took place on the question, "Ought a Man to be influenced by Public Opinion?" Edinburgh Temperance Mutual Improvement Association.-The members of this association, with a number of their friends, met on the evening of Friday, October 14. After tea Mr. James Templeman, president, occupied the chair, and opened the meeting by the delivery of an eloquent address, bearing principally on the benefits to be derived from Mutual Improvement Societies. An address was then delivered, on "The Past and Present History of Britain," by James Dick; and another, on "Decision of Character," by John Bone. A party of the Edinburgh Abstinence Musical Association were present, and enlivened the company by singing a few of their favourite pieces.-W. A., Secretary. Edinburgh Young Men's Literary Union.The first of a series of lectures under the auspices of this association, was delivered on Thursday evening, the 8th of December, in Rose-street Church, by the Rev. George Gilfillan, Dundee. The Dean of Guild, Blackadder, occupied the chair. The church was crowded in every part. Mr. Gilfillan chose for his subject," The General Characteristics of the Present Age;" and the lecture, which was a very eloquent and able one, was received with much applause. The Dean of Guild strongly urged the claims of the union, and particularly the propriety of other societies connecting themselves with it. The Edinburgh Young Men's Association, and the Controversialist Society, of which it is composed, meet at 12, South-street, David-street; the first every Friday evening, and the other on the second Wednesday evening of each month. Glasgow-Eastern Mutual Improvement Society. The members of this society recently held their first annual supper; Mr. J. Bryson in the chair. After supper, the chairman addressed the meeting on "The Benefits to be derived from Mutual Improvement Societies." Addresses were also delivered by Mr. S. McNab, on "The Nature, Use, and Progress of Science;" by Mr. D. McNab, on "Human Perfectability." Singing and recitation concluded the evening's entertainment. The following are the subjects of the debates in the society since the commencement: "Is Total Abstinence consistent with Moral Freedom?" "Is Man responsible for his Belief?" "Did Circumstances justify the Execution of Charles I. ?" "Was the Emancipation of the Roman Catholics of Great Britain and Ireland an unjust and impolitic measure?" "Whether is the Savage or Civilized Life the more happy?" "Temperance or Total Abstinence; which the most commendable?" "Does Man form his own Character?"-D. McN, Secretary. Glasgow Free St. Mark's Literary and Religious Association.-The third annual soirée of this association took place in Clark s Temperance Hotel, Argyle-street, when about sixty members and friends were present, Rev. Dr. M.Gilvray, patron, in the chair. The annual report was read by the secretary, Mr. A. Dearie; its adoption moved by Mr. Duncan Fletcher, and seconded by Mr. D. Baxter. Addresses were then delivered by Mr. W. R. M Phun, Jun., on "Successful Men;" Mr. Archibald Gillies, on "The Prevailing Errors of the Times;" Mr. David Baxter, on Biographical Literature;" Mr. D. K. Macmil lan, on "Friendship;" and by Mr. James W. Baxter, on "Continental Europe." The proceedings of the evening were greatly enlivened by an efficient band, under the leadership of Mr. A. Ramsay.-W. G. London-Chalmers Society.-The third anniversary of this society was celebrated by a teameeting, at the City Sunday School, on the 7th ult. After tea, the secretary read the report, from which it appeared that a wide range of valuable and interesting subjects had occupied the attention of the members. Many who had acted with them in times past were now exercising elsewhere the talents in some measure developed at its meetings. Two were in preparation for the Christian ministry; others in positions of usefulness in Australia, Tasmania, Nova Scotia, Ceylon, and elsewhere. The chairman, the Rev. J. P. Wright, addressed the meeting on various social questions of present interest, connecting them with the subject of young men and their societies. Mr. W. Stock spoke on the "Religious Element in the Society;" Mr. J. S. Jones, on "Missionary Mind;" and Mr. E. Lowther, on "The Intellectual Dangers of the Age." The intervals of the addresses were filled up by recitations and music by members and friends, concluding with the national anthem.-J. S. T. Manchester and Salford Union of Mutual Improvement Societies.-On Thursday evening, December 1st, 1853, the first aggregate meeting of the above union was held in the Lever-street Wesleyan Association Schoolroom, when about 140 members and friends såt down to tea. Mr. John Dilworth afterwards took the chair, and Mr. Hindshaw, of Christ Church, Salford, read an introductory paper on "Mutual Improvement Societies; their importance and advantages." He drew a clear line of demarcation between earnestness in the pursuit of mind-cultivation, and conceited ignorance,-between the real power of thought-utterance, and frothy, bombastic declamation,-between hollow and wordy debate, and the earnest search for the hidden treasuretruth. In fact, so highly did the meeting approve of the essay, that it was recommended to be printed and published. Several of the gentlemen present (members of various religious denominations) afterwards addressed the meeting, the whole proceedings of which were of a deeply interesting and important character.-C. N. Spalding Mechanics' Institute (originally the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Society).The annual meeting of this institution has recently been held, and we perceive from the report now before us, that during the past year the number of members has increased from 70 to 94, and the number of books in the library from 281 to 349. Public lectures have been delivered both by friends and members, and the discussions have been well attended, and much useful information imparted by these means. The committee make an earnest appeal for support to the inhabitants of the town, and we trust that it will receive a cordial response. Watton Mutual Improvement Society.-The fourth anniversary of this society was celebrated on the 10th November, by a public soirée musicale, held in the Wayland Hall, Watton. At five o'clock, about 270 persons sat down to tea; and after having refreshed themselves with the cup "that cheers but not inebriates," the proceedings of the evening were opened by an address by Mr. T. L. Alexander, the president of the society, in which he adverted to the erection of the magnificent building in which they were then met, and to the fact of its owing its origin to himself, and its completion to the exertions of the society. The secretary read the fourth annual report of the committee, which was of a very encouraging character. It stated the number of members to be increasing; that the society was engaged in varied and useful exertions, and urged the members to continued exertions to carry out the object of the society-"the moral and intellectual improvement of its members and townspeople." Mr. Woods, Mr. Rook, and Mr. Pearson, severally addressed the meeting upon the advantages of Mutual Improvement Societies, and the duty which devolved on all to support them. recitations by members of the institution were received with great applause. One was a selection from Shakspere's "As you Like It," and the other a comedy, entitled "The Compulsory Marriage." The business of the evening was enlivened by numerous songs, glees, and pieces of instrumental music, executed principally by members.-R. E., Secretary. Literature. LIST OF NEW BOOKS, ON EDUCATIONAL, LITERARY, AND SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS. Abel and Bloxham's Handbook of Chemistry, 15s. Alison's History of Europe, 1815-1852, vol. 2, 15s. Arnold's Greek Composition, part 1, 8th edit. 5s. 6d. Two Bohn's Standard Library-" Ranke's History of Servia," &c., trans., 5s. Boydell's Merchant Freighter's Assistant, new edit., 6s. 6d. Branston's Druggists' Handbook of Receipts, 4s. Byron, Selections from the Writings of, 3s. Cassell's Lessons in French, part 2, 2s. 6d. Chalyhan's History of the Development of Philosophy, 10s. 6d. Chambers's Educational Course-"Eng. Grammar," new edit., 2s.; "Latin Dictionary," part 1, new edit., 5s. Christie's Introduction to Practical Astronomy, 7s. Clinton's Chronology of Rome and Constantino- | Mackay's (A.) Western India, edited by Robertple, 7s. Colenso's (J. W.) Text Book of Elementary Arithmetic, 6d.; Progressive Examples in Arithmetic, 3 parts, 4d. each; Answers to Examples in Arithmetic, 1s. Collins's Junior Classic Atlas for Schools, 5s. 6d. Comte's Positive Philosophy, 2 vols., 16s. Conchologist's Text Book, col. plates, 5s. Donaldson's (J.) Modern Greek Grammar, 2s. Doubleday's True Law of Population, 3rd ed., 10s. Druitt's (R.) Surgeon's Vade Mecum, 6th edit., 12s. 6d. Duncan's (J. F.) Popular Errors on Insanity, 4s. 6d. Elrington's Euclid's Elements, new edit., 3s. 6d. Emilia Galotti, with Vocabulary, by Lebahn, 3s. 6d. Encyclopædia Metropolitan-"Maurice's Ancient Philosophy," 3rd edit., 5s. English Cyclopædia, Geography, vol. 1, and Na- Gibbon's Decline and Fall, 1 vol., 15s. Gray's Elegy, new edit., illustrated, 7s. 6d. Gutch's Literary and Scientific Register, 1854, 13s. 6d. Hamilton's Discussions in Philosophy, 2nd edit., 21s. Hand Atlas of Physical Geography, 10s. 6d. Handbook of Familiar Quotations, new edit., 5s. Hendry's History of Rome, new edit., 2s. Historic Geographical Atlas, 30s. Horace, Works of, by Rev. H. Thompson, 7s. 6d. Kimber's Mathematical Course for the University of London, 9s. Lee's (Mrs.) Anecdotes of Animals, 2nd edit., 5s. Manual for Shipmasters, 5th edit., 6s. Trees, Plants, and Flowers, with Illus., 15s. Levizac's French Dictionary, new edit., 6s. 6d. Macaulay's Speeches, corrected by himself, 12s. Macdonald and Allen's Botanist's Word Book,| 1s. 6d. Michelsen's Ottoman Empire, 7s. 6d. son, 8vo., 12s. cloth. Mackintosh's History of England, new edit., revised, 2 vols., 21s. Mason and Bernard's Easy Hebrew Grammar, 2 vols. 8vo., 28s. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. 36., 8vo., 18s. cloth. National Illustrated Library-" Pope's Poetical Phillips's (Sir R.) Million of Facts, new edition, crown 8vo., 12s. cloth. Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, royal 8vo., 258. cloth Pote's (R. G.) Nineveh, illustrated, 12mo., 3s. 6d. cloth. Revelations of School Life by a Cantab., 2 vols., £1 ls. Record of Greece, 2s. 6d. Richardson's (Captain) Horsemanship, 14s. 1s. 6d. Shakspere, Beauties of, 1s. Select Scenes from, 1s. Sims's Handbook to Library of Brit. Museum, 5s. Skyring's Builder's Price Book, 1854, 4s. Smith's Principles of Training, 5s. Stephens's Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography, 3rd edit., 24s. Sterne's Physical and Political Geography, 3rd edit., 3s. 6d. Tegg's Dictionary of Chronology, 5th edit., 9s. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. Henri Conscience, the Flemish historical novelist, has just received a sixth honorary decoration from royal hands; the King of Sweden has sent him the decoration of a knight of the order of Gustavus Vasa. An announcement from Berlin informs us that William Von Humboldt has left behind him a collection of sonnets, 352 in number, dictated by the deceased philosopher and minister at Tejel. They are just out of the press. Mrs. Amelia Opie, widow of the late Mr. Opie, R.A., and author of several works of fiction much admired for their truthful simplicity, died last week, at her residence in Norwich, at the advanced age of eighty-eight. She was an exemplary member of the Society of Friends. |