Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 213
... urchins are rare or absent , the hard bottom consists of a 10- to 20 - cm thick canopy of fleshy algae and , below that , encrusting coralline algae and patches of various colonial animals such as ascidians , plus various small , motile ...
... urchins are rare or absent , the hard bottom consists of a 10- to 20 - cm thick canopy of fleshy algae and , below that , encrusting coralline algae and patches of various colonial animals such as ascidians , plus various small , motile ...
Page 220
... urchins and fishes . Here the evidence is more equivocal . There seems to be little doubt that sea urchins of many species can have significant effects on kelp beds and forests . These effects may range from wholesale removal of plants ...
... urchins and fishes . Here the evidence is more equivocal . There seems to be little doubt that sea urchins of many species can have significant effects on kelp beds and forests . These effects may range from wholesale removal of plants ...
Page 221
... urchins . It now appears that lobsters feed mainly on crabs , and only rarely on urchins . Similarly , in southern California , the sheephead fish ( Semicossyphus pulcher ) was thought to be the major predator on urchins , but more ...
... urchins . It now appears that lobsters feed mainly on crabs , and only rarely on urchins . Similarly , in southern California , the sheephead fish ( Semicossyphus pulcher ) was thought to be the major predator on urchins , but more ...
Common terms and phrases
abundant adaptations algae algal amphipods anemones animals areas associations Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic benthos Biol biological bottom burrowing changes clams Cnidaria colonies community structure competition copepods coral reefs crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms distribution diversity dominant ecology effect environment estuary example fauna feeding Figure fishes gastropod grazing growth herbivores increased infaunal interactions interstitial intertidal zone invertebrates kelp large numbers larvae layers light limpets low tide macrofauna mangrove marine meiofauna meiofaunal organisms mesopelagic mollusks mud flats nekton number of species nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators prey primary productivity reduced result rocky intertidal rocky shores salinity sand beaches sand flats seagrass seagrass beds seawater sediment space substrate subtidal surface suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial tidal tropical various vertical water column wave action zonation zooplankton zooxanthellae