2. Love not, or do not thou love. 2. Love not, or do not ye love. INFINITIVE MOOD. PRESENT. Not to love. PERFECT. Not to have loved. PARTICIPLES. PRESENT. Not loving. PAST. Not loved. PERFECT. Not having loved. Interrogative form of the Verb. 502. The verb is made to ask a question by placing the nominative or subject after the simple form; as, "Lovest thou?" and between the auxiliary and the verb in the compound forms; as, “Do I love?” When there are two auxiliaries, the nominative is placed between them; as, "Shall I have loved?" 503. The subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, and participles, can not have the interrogative form. 504. The simple form of the verb is seldom used interrogatively. The following synopsis will show how the verb is put into the interrogative form:— INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. 1. Do I love? 2. Dost thou love? &c. POTENTIAL MOOD. PRESENT. 1. May I love? 2. Canst thou love? &c. 2. Canst thou have loved? &c. 505. Interrogative sentences are made negative by placing the negative either before or after the nominative; as, "Do I not love?" or, "Do not I love?" EXERCISES. 1. Inflect the verb in the negative form. 2. Inflect the indicative, and potential, in the interrogative form. 3. Change the exercises (p. 89) into the negative form, and write them out. 4. Change the examples in the indicative and the potential into the interrogative form, and write them out. Progressive form of the Active Voice. 506. The PROGRESSIVE form of the verb is inflected by prefixing the verb to be, through all its moods and tenses, to the present participle; thus, NOTE. In this manner go through the other moods and tenses. EXERCISES. 1. Change the following verbs from the simple into the progressive form :He loves. They read. Thou teachest. We have learned. He had written. They go. You will build. I ran. John has done it. We taught. He stands. He stood. will stand. They may read. We can sew. study. We might have read. They You should 2. Change the following, from the progressive into the simple form: :We are writing. They were singing. They have been riding. We might be walking. I may have been sleeping. They are coming. Thou art teaching. They have been eating. He has been moving. We have been defending. They had been running. 3. Parse the above verbs, in the progressive form; thus, "We are writing"-" are writing" is a verb, transitive, irregular-write, wrote, written in the present, indicative, active, first person, plural, progressive form. 4 Change the exercises (p. 89) into the progressive form. 5. Change the exercises, No. 2, into the negative form; thus, "We are not writing" into the interrogative form; as, "Are we writing ?"-into the negativeinterrogative form; as, "Are we not writing?" or, "Are not we writing?" PASSIVE VOICE. 507. The PASSIVE voice is inflected by adding the past participle to the verb "to be," as an auxiliary, through all its moods and tenses, thus (486): Present, Am loved. Singular. 1. I am loved. 2. Thou art loved. 3. He is loved. PRINCIPAL PARTS. Past, Was loved. Past participle, Loved. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT TENSE. Plural. 1. We are loved. 2. You are loved. PRESENT-PERFECT TENSE. PRESENT-PERFECT TENSE. Signs, may have, can have, * must have.-Inflect with each. 1. I may have been loved. 2. Thou mayst have been loved. 3. He may have been loved. 1. We may have been loved. 2. You may have been loved. 3. They may have been loved. PAST TENSE. Signs, might, could, would, should.-Inflect with each. 1. I might be loved. 2. Thou mightst be loved. 3. He might be loved. 1. We might be loved. 2. You might be loved. PAST-PERFECT TENSE. Signs, might have, could have, would have, should have.-Inflect with each. 1. I might have been loved. 1. We might have been loved. 2. Thou mightst have been loved. 2. You might have been loved. 3. He might have been loved. 3. They might have been loved. *Can have is not used in affirmative sentences. †The conjunctions, if, though, lest, unless, &c., do not form part of the subjunctive mood, but are placed before it to express a condition or contingency (388) The pupil may go over the indicative, as a subjunctive. with one or other of these conjunctions prefixed. PRESENT, Being loved. PAST, Loved. PERFECT, Having been loved. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PASSIVE VOICE. 508. The passive voice, in the finite moods, properly affirms of the subject the receiving of the act performed by the actor; and in all tenses, except the present, expresses passively precisely the same thing that is expressed by the same tense in the active voice; thus, "Cæsar conquered Gaul," and "Gaul was conquered by Cæsar," express the same thing. 509. The present-passive has a somewhat different meaning in different verbs. In some, it represents the act as now in progress-in others, as now completed. In the former, it expresses passively the present continuance of the action, just as the present active does. Thus, "James loves Robert," and "Robert is loved by James," express precisely the same thing. In the latter, the present passive expresses not the continuance, but the result of the act now finished, as a predicate of the subject; as, "The house is built." The act of building is here represented, not as continuing, but completed, and the result of the act expressed by "built" is predicated of "house." 510. In all such verbs, the idea expressed by the present-passive differs from that expressed by the present-active; the latter expressing a continuing, the former a completed act. A continuing act, in this class of verbs, can be expressed passively only when the participle in ing has a passive as well as an active sense (456). 511. There is no passive form corresponding to the progressive form in the active voice, except where the participle in ing is used passively; as, "The house is building." The form introduced within the last fifty years, and now beginning to be defended by one or two grammarians, viz., " The house is being built," ought to be regarded only as a clumsy solecism. On this whole subject, see App. V. EXERCISES ON THE PASSIVE VOICE. EXERCISE I, Inflect the following verbs in the same manner as in the passive voice: |