Closing the Circle: Democratization and Development in AfricaWe all know that many African countries face political tyranny, failed capitalist development, and violent domestic conflict. What is less clear is what relationship may exist between effective democratic institutions and the solution of the last two problems. Richard Sandbrook draws on the experience with democratisation of a carefully selected sample of countries: Ghana, Mali and Niger in West Africa; Zambia, Tanzania and Madagascar in East Africa; and Sudan. He illustrates the diversity of African experiences of the transition to democratic political forms and the complex relationships between democratic institutions and economic reform and social order. He concludes that the ultimate value of democratic institutions lies in whether they lead to economic progress and social justice and peace. |
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Page 102
... cent in the mid - 1960s to less than 10 per cent by 1982 ( IMF 1996 ) . Recurrent budget deficits , which peaked at over 13 per cent of GDP in 1976 , underpinned an entrenched inflation that averaged 58 per cent in the decade 1972-82 ...
... cent in the mid - 1960s to less than 10 per cent by 1982 ( IMF 1996 ) . Recurrent budget deficits , which peaked at over 13 per cent of GDP in 1976 , underpinned an entrenched inflation that averaged 58 per cent in the decade 1972-82 ...
Page 115
... cent in public - sector wages . The broad budget deficit reached 4.8 per cent of GDP , reversing the fiscal surpluses attained in the previous six years . This fiscal shock had wide ramifications : the money supply increased by more ...
... cent in public - sector wages . The broad budget deficit reached 4.8 per cent of GDP , reversing the fiscal surpluses attained in the previous six years . This fiscal shock had wide ramifications : the money supply increased by more ...
Page 140
... cent of world merchandise exports in 1955 to just 1.2 per cent in 1990 ( Yeats et al . 1996 : 38 ) . By 1997 the entire continent accounted for a lesser share of the world's exports than tiny Belgium ( 2.3 per cent against 3 per cent ) ...
... cent of world merchandise exports in 1955 to just 1.2 per cent in 1990 ( Yeats et al . 1996 : 38 ) . By 1997 the entire continent accounted for a lesser share of the world's exports than tiny Belgium ( 2.3 per cent against 3 per cent ) ...
Contents
The Real World of African Democracy | 23 |
Party Systems or Factional Systems? | 32 |
How Protected? | 38 |
Copyright | |
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Closing the Circle: Democratization and Development in Africa Richard Sandbrook Limited preview - 2000 |
Common terms and phrases
1996 elections Accra African countries associations authoritarian Baggara Botswana Burundi campaigns capital cent clientelism coalition colonial constitutional contests corruption coup critical deadly conflict democ Dinka donors drought economic decline economic reform electoral elite environmental external factional famine favour forces Fourth Republic Ghana Ghanaian global governing party governmental groups growth Humanitarian Emergencies independent institutional reform International intimidation investment journalists Kaunda Kenya leaders liberalization Liberia Madagascar major Mali market reforms Mauritius ment movements multiparty democracy national elections neo-liberal neo-patrimonial newspapers Niger one-party opposition parties organizations parliamentary party system patrimonial PNDC population poverty president presidential programs proportional representation protests pseudo-democracy radio Rawlings regime regional rent-seeking representative democracies repression Republic revenues role rule rural Rwanda sector social societies strategy structural adjustment Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan Tanzania tion tradition UNIP urban vote voters World Bank Zambia Zanzibar Zimbabwe