may with delight and astonishment. His mental enjoyment will be most exq site, and his sufferings equally excruciating: c. 5. 6. 40. 41.

MODERATE.-One with a head of only moderate size, combined with great or very great activity, and the organs of the propelling powers and of practical intellect, will possess a tolerable share of intellect, yet appear to possess much more than he does; with others to plan for and direct him, will perhaps execute to advantage, yet be unable to do much alone; will have a very active mind, and be quick of perception, yet, after all, have a contracted intellect (c. 10. 26); possess only a small mental calibre, and lack momentum both of mind and character: with activity only average or fair, will have but a moderate amount of intellect, and even this scanty allowance will be too sluggish for action, so that he will neither suffer nor enjoy much with activity moderate or small, be an idiot.

SMALL OR VERY SMALL. One with a small or very small head, no matter what may be the activity of his mind, will be incapable of intellect. ual ffort; of comprehending even easy subjects; or of experiencing much pain or pleasure; in short, will be a natural fool: c. 28. 29.

II. THE STRENGTH OF THE SYSTEM, including the brain, or what is the same thing, upon the perfection or imperfection of the organization. Probably no phrenological condition is so necessary for the manifestation of mind, as a strong, compact constitution, and energetick physical powers. Even after a violation of the laws of the organization has brought on disease, a naturally vigorous constitution often retains no small share of its former elasticity and energy, and imparts the same qualities to the mental operations (c. 5. 6. 7. 12. 15. 18. 40. 41. 43); but, in proportion as thi is defective, weakness and imbecility of mind will ensue.

III. THE DEGREE OF ACTIVITY.-In judging of the manifestations of the mind, the activity of the brain is a consideration quite as important as its size. Whilst size gives power or momentum of intellect and feeling, acti vity imparts quickness, intensity, willingness, and even a restless desire, to act, which go far to produce efficiency of mind, with accompanying effort and action. Under the head of size, however, the effects of the different degrees of activity were presented, and need not to be repeated here.

IV. UPON THE EXCITABILITY.-Sharp, or pointed and prominent organs, always accompany a nervous and very excitable temperament; moderate or average sized head; sharp teeth and pointed bones; sprightliness of mind and body, &c.

POINTED OR VERY POINTED.-One with a head uneven, or very uneven, peculiar in shape, and having a great many protuberances and depressions, or hills and valleys on it, has an equally peculiar, eccentrick sui-generis character; presents many strong and weak points of mind and character; is too much the sport of circumstances; lacks uniformity and consistency of character, opinion, and conduct; is likely to be driven back and forth by strong excitements and counter-excitements, and thus to have a rough voyage through life; to experience many remarkable incidents, hair-breadth escapes, &c.; in short, to do and say many singular things. MODERATELY SMOOTH.-One with a round even head, is likely to manifest uniformity and consistency of character; to have good sense and judgment; to have few excesses or deficiences; and, like the poet's goou man, “ holds the even tenour of his way,” passing smoothly through life.

ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FACULTIES. AMATIVENESS:--Reciprocal Attachment and Love of the Sexes as suck, with Adhesiveness, Connubial Love, and the Marriage Relations. ADAPTATION. To prevent the extinction of our race, some provision for its continuance became necessary. Propagation and death are arrangements necessarily connected with man's earthly existence. The former has its counterpart in this faculty.

It creates all those relations and reciprocal feelings existing between the sexes as such, and results in marriage and offspring. It originates those reciprocal kind offices and tender feelings which each sex manifests towards the other, refining and elevating each, promoting gentility and politeness, and greatly augmenting social happiness. So far from being gros or ex ceptionable, its proper exercise is pure, and chaste, and even desiral a The son who loves and obeys his mother, is always tender and faithful to his wife, and the endearing recollections of his mother and loved one, are his most powerful incentives to virtue, studv. &c., as well as restraints upon his vicious inclinations. The mother dotes upon her sons, and the fathe upon his daughters. All this class of feedings and phenomena originates ir this faculty. In cities it is larger than ir the country, because so constantly excited by caresses bestowed even upon caldren by the opposite sex, bu being already too strong, it should be excited as little as possible.

AVERAGE. One having this organ average, will treat the other sex ten derly, and enjoy their society, yet not be enchanted with it, nor allow it to divert him from graver pursuits; will find this feeling more active, intense and excitable, than powerful and enduring, and be capable of experiencing much connubial love; yet its amount and qualities will be determined by his temperament and combinations. If adhesiveness, conscientiousness and ideality are large, and activity great, his love will be tender and intense, yet pure and chaste; partake more of elevated friendship than animal feel. ing, and be refined and virtuous; he will have more friends than lovers among the opposite sex; be disgusted with vulgarity in them; in case his love is well placed, will enjoy the marriage relations much, and with the moral and intellectual organs also large, and the mental temperament predominant, can love the refined and intellectual only; but if ideality is moderate or small, will disregard merely personal beauty, and choose a useful companion: with cautiousness very large, will mature his love slowly, hesitate much, and perhaps, make no choice at all: with cautiousness and secretiveness largy or very large, will express less love than he feels, and that equivocally an by piecemeal, and even then not until his loved one is fully committed · with conscientiousness and approbativeness large or very large, can love only one whose morals are pure and unblemished, and will value the virtue and moral purity of the other sex as the pearl of greatest price, being parti cularly disgusted with this species of immorality: with cautiousness, con scientiousness, approbativeness, and veneration large or very large, and self-esteem moderate or small, will be very bashful in the society of the op posite sex, and of both sexes, yet enjoy the company of a few of the former much with adhesiveness and benevolence large or very large, and ideality and approbativeness moderate or small, will be really kind and affectionate towards the other sex, yet not polite, or refined, or urbane, or merely nominally attentive, &c.

FULL. One having amativeness full, will experience the same feelings in kind, but in a still greater degree of activity and power, with those de scribed under amativeness average, due allowance being made for its in creased power, but if his activity ud excitability are both great, no will

36

read his description under amativeness large, by selecting those combinations that apply to himself.

LARGE. One who has amativeness large, will be alive to the personal charms and accomplishments of the other sex; a great admirer of their beauty of form, elegance of manners, &c.; on account of the reciprocal influence of this faculty, can easily ingratiate himself into their good will, become acquainted, exert an influence with them, and kindle in them the passion of love, or, at best, create a favourable impression, even if in som? respects disagreeable; has his warmest friends among the other sex, and when this feeling is strongly excited, finds its restraint extremely difficult. He should marry young, and his first love, if possible, especially if cor.cen trativeness is large, because this feeling will be too powerful to be trifled with or easily diverted, and hard to govern. With adhesiveness also large, he will mingle pure friendship with devoted love; "cannot flourish alone,' but will be inclined to love and marry young, and be susceptible of ardent and intense connubial attachment; will invest the object of it with almost superhuman purity and perfection; magnify their personal charms and their moral and intellectual qualities, and overlook defects in either; be de lighted in their company, but unhappy when deprived of it; fully unbosoms every feeling, communicating and sharing every pain and pleasure, and having the whole current of the other faculties enlisted in their behalf: with ideality large or very large, and the mental apparatus predominant, will experience a fervour, elevation, intensity, and ecstasy of love, which will render it wellnigh romantic, especially the first love; fasten upon mental and moral, more than personal charms, or rather blending the two; can fall in love only with one who combines beauty of person with refinement, geneel manners, and great delicacy of feeling; be easily disgusted with what is coarse, vulgar, improper, or not in good taste, in the person, dress, manners, expressions, &c., of the other sex, but equally pleased with the oppo site qualities; express his love in a refined, delicate, and acceptable manner; be rather sentimental, fond of love tales, romances, sentimental poetry, &c. but if ideality be moderate or small, and the motive temperament predo minant, will be the reverse; with philoprogenitiveness also large, will be eminently qualified to enjoy the domestic relations of companion and parent, and take his chief delight in the bosom of his family, seldom straying from home unless compelled to; and with inhabitiveness also large, will travel half the night to be at home the balance, and sleep poorly anywhere else: with firmness and conscientiousness large or very large, will be faithful and constant in his love, keeping the marriage relations inviolate, and regarding them as the most sacred feelings belonging to our nature; with combative ness large, will protect the object of his love with great spirit, resenting forcibly any indignity or scandal offered to their person or character with adhesiveness and alimentiveness large, will doubly enjoy the meal taken with his family or loved one: with adhesiveness and approbativeness large of very large, will praise them, like to hear them praised, and to be commended by them, and cut to the heart by their reproaches; and if self-esteern is only moderate or small, and ideality large, too ready to follow the fashions de manded by the other sex, (a combination too common in women,) and too fearful lest they should incur their censure: with secretiveness and cautiousness large or very large, will feel much more affection than express, affecting comparative indifference, especially at first, and until the other side is fully committed, and perhaps not bring matters to a crisis till it is too late; but with secretiveness moderate, will throw wide open the portals

of his heart, showing in his eye, his looks, and actions, all the love he fe is! with adhesiveness, self-esteem, and firmness large or very large, though his love may be powerful, he will not allow it to subdue him, nor humble him. self to gratify it, and bear its interruption with fortitude: but with selfesteem moderate or small, will break down sooner under blighted love. with a moderate or average sized head and causality, the vital mental tem perament predominant, and adhesiveness, approbativeness, and ideality large or very large, will prefer the company of the beautiful, accomplished, fashionable, dressy, gay, and superficial of the other sex, and love to talk small talk with them: with the moral organs predominant, will choose the virtuous, devout and religious: with the intellectual organs large or very large, can love only those who are intellectual, sensible, and literary, and almost adore them, but is disgusted with the opposite class: with the vital temperament predominant, ideality large or very large, causality only average, and conscientiousness moderate or small, will be less particular as to their morals than their personal charms, and if concentrativeness is small, will love the pretty face and figure best that he sees last, and have an attach ment by no means exclusive, courting many, rather than being satisfied with individual attachment, and being strongly inclined to the animal grati fication of this faculty; and with large language, individuality, eventuality, and mirthfulness added, will take great delight in joking with and about the opposite sex; often be indelicate in his allusions; fond of hearing and relating obscene anecdotes about them, and of vulgar prints; and with large tune added, of singing love songs of an objectionable character, if not prone to revelry and prriigacy, and extremely liable to pervert this faculty. with adhesiveness and conscientiousness only moderate or average, and acquisitiveness lage, or very large, will marry quite as much for money or animal gratif ation, as for connubial love, especially if his first attachment has been in'rrupted: with an active temperament and large firmness, con scientious ess, and cautiousness, will experience powerful temptations, yet resist the; but with only moderate secretiveness and conscientiousness, and cautiouess only full, will hardly be a Joseph, and should never trust to his resolu' on; but if conscientiousness and approbativeness are large, in case he dres yield, he will suffer the deepest shame, remorse, and penitence.

༡ ne reverse of any of these combinations will produce opposite qualities. VERY LARGE. One having this organ very large experiences its power ad intensity to an almost ungovernable extent; is even passionately fond f the other sex; should by all means be married; will place the highest estimate upon them, and experience the feelings described under amativeness large, and under those combinations which exist in his head, in a still higher degree of intensity and power, so that, making due allowances for the increase of this feeling, he will read his character in this respect under this organ large, selecting those combinations which are found in his head. MODERATE, will be rather deficient, though not palpably so, in love and attentions to the opposite sex; with adhesiveness large, have more platonic affection and pure friendship than animal feeling; with activity great, more ardour and excitability of this feeling than power, and be disgusted with vulgarity. This combination predominates in women.

SMALL, feels little connubial or sexual love, or desire to marry; is less polite and interesting, and more cold, coy, distant, reserved, &c., than one with this organ large, and the reverse of his description: p 59, c. 29. 31. VERE SMALL, is passively continent, never experiencing this feeling: p. 60

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS: Parental love; attachment tc me's own off spring; love of children generally, of pets, animals, &c.

want.

'To rear the tender thought, to teach the young idea how to shoot." ADAPTATION. For aught we know, man, like the fabled Minerva from the brain of Jupiter, might have been brought forth in the full possession of all his faculties both physical and mental, capable, from the first moment of his earthly existence, of taking care of himself and supplying his every But the fact is otherwise. He enters the world in a condition utter ly helpless, and, but for the greatest parental care and anxiety, every infant child must inevitably perish, and our race soon become extinct. To this a. rangement or state of things, philoprogenitiveness is adapted, nor can any other element of man's nature accomplish the end attained by this faculty. The infant cannot be regarded as a friend, and therefore adhesiveness can not be exercised upon it. Causality might devise the means requisite for its relief but would not lift a finger towards executing them; benevolence might do something, yet it would be far too little for their physical salvation or their mental and moral culture. How often do we find persons very benevolent to adults, but cruel to children. These vexatious and expensive little crea tures are far more likely to array combativeness and destructiveness and acquisitiveness against them than benevolence or any other faculty in their favour: so that if parents had no faculty adapted exclusively to the nursing and training of offspring, their burden would be too intolerable to be submitted to, whereas this faculty renders them the dearest of all objects to pa rents, their richest treasure, their greatest delight, and an object for which they live and labour and suffer more than for any other, casting into the shade all the toil and trouble and expense which they cause, and lacerating the parent's heart with the bitterest of pangs when death or space tears the parent and child asunder.

The numberless attentions demanded by the helpless condition of children, require a much more vigorous action of the other faculties in their favour than is demanded in reference to adults. Without the influence of philoprogenitiveness, the scales would be turned against them, whereas now, by exciting combativeness and cautiousness in their defence and protection; by awakening causality to plan and benevolence to execute ways and means for their relief; by stimulating acquisitiveness to accumulate the means of educating and adorning them, it sets all the other faculties at work in their behalf.

Moreover, the duties and relations of the mother to her offspring require a much greater endowment of this faculty in her than in the father, and accordingly, we find much larger philoprogenitiveness in the female head than in the male. This adaptation of the organ in woman to the far greater power of the passion, and of both to the far greater demand made upon her by her offspring, is certainly an important evidence of the truth of phre nology.

AVERAGE. One having philoprogenitiveness average, will take considerable interest in children, especially when they begin to walk and prattle, and if a parent, exert himself strenuously to provide for them; place a high but reasonable value upon them; be sufficiently tender of them, yet not foolishly fond or indulgent; be pleased with good children, yet not bear muck from those that are troublesome; and whilst he will value his own children highly, and bear considerably from them, he will not care much about those of others of bear much from them.