large or very large, and the moral deficient, will combine great power and energy of mind with great depravity of character, and never lack means by which to gratify his self. ish passions.

One having some of each class of organs large or very large, will present seemingly contradictory phases of chat acter; will often do what he afterwards regrets, and be subject to a constant and severe "warfare between the flesh and the spirit."

One having the perceptive organs generally large or very large, and the reasoning organs only full, will have a mind well stored with facts, and a desire to see and know; a thirst for general information, and a facility in acquiring it; an ability to attend to details, and a popular, practical, business talent, but will lack depth, judgment, originality, and penetration of mind; may execute well, but cannot adapt means to ends, nor superintend complicated operations; may pos sess versatility of talent, be a good scholar, and pass for a man of talents and learning, yet will not think profoundly, nor readily comprehend first principles, nor bear sounding.

One with the reflecting organs large or very large, and the perceptive only moderate or small, or with the upper portion of the forehead much larger than the lower, will think more than he observes or communicates; will have much more to do with ideas than with facts; with fundamental principles and the general bearing of things, than with their details and minutiæ; with the abstract relations, than with the qualities, of things; with the analytical and demonstrative sciences, than with the natural; with thoughts than words; may have great strength, shrewdness, and penetration of intellect, and be a deep and profound reasoner, but will lack versatility of talent, and be unable to employ his powers to good advantage, or show what he is, except in a certain sphere, yet will wear well, have a fund of import ant ideas, and excellent judgment, and shine in proportion as he is tried. One having the perceptive and reasoning organs both large or very large, and a large and an active brain, will have a universal talent, and a mind well balanced and well furnished with both facts and principles; will be a general scholar, and, with a respectable development of the propensities, possess a decidedly superiour intellect, and be capable of ri sing to eminence, will not only possess talents of a very high order, but also be able to use them to the best advantage, and

both devise and execute projects, and succeed in whatever he undertakes, even when most of those around him, fail.

One with an even head, in which all the parts are respectably developed, will have few prominent traits of character, and few excesses or deficiencies; will do a fair business, take his character from surrounding circumstances, and pass quietly through life; but, if the brain is large and very active, and external circumstances are favourable, he will be a universal genius-great in every thing, and without any weak points of character, and capable of swaying a general and a commanding influence.*

One with an uneven and peculiar head, will possess a sur generis character; will be notorious for his peculiarities of talents and disposition; for his excesses and deficiencies; his strong and weak points; will often present opposite phases of character; cut a bold and commanding figure wherever he moves; and often effect something important.

The combined action of the several organs, has, also, a very important influence upon the character and the mental manifestations, particularly in directing them. Self-esteem large or very large, for example, combined with still larger moral and reasoning organs, and with smaller propensities, imparts a dignity, manliness, nobleness, elevation, and highmindedness, which scorn every thing mean, low, and degrading, than which no trait of character is more useful or commendable: while the same degree of self-e., joined with weaker moral and reasoning faculties, and stronger selfish propensities, makes its possessor proud, conceited, haughty, domineering, forward, impertinent, and most disagreeable. The same principle applies to amat., combat., destruct., secret., firm., approbat., &c.; and, in determining character, is as important, at least, as any other.

The larger organs† control and direct the smaller ones, and also give the stamp and direction to the whole character, while the smaller organs, in proportion to their strength, modify the action of the larger. Thus, one having combat. and destruct. large, with large or very large self-e., will employ the former to avenge personal injuries; promote selfish interests; domineer over others, &c. ; but, with self-e.

• Napoleon Bonaparte.

t-In this work the term "organs" is often used as synonymous with "faculties," and is intended to refer to both the organs and the faculties, collectively; just an self-esteem means both the organ and the faculty of self-e.

only moderate or full, and benev. and conscien. very large, will seldom resent personal injuries, yet will be very spirited in maintaining the cause of justice, truth, and humanity; in defending suffering innocence, punishing the aggressor, driv ing forward moral and philanthropick causes, &c.; with -large or very large acquis., will employ these organs in defending his property, and in prosecuting, with energy, his money-making projects; with large or very large intellectual organs, in the vigorous pursuit of intellectual acquirements, in spirited debate, or the fearless declaration of opinion; with moderate self-e. and large or very large adhes. and benev., in the defence of friends, while he himself patiently endures oppression, &c. The combinations of the phrenological faculties, are almost innumerable, especially when taken in connexion with the varieties of temperament, education, habit, external circumstances, &c. of different individuals-sufficient, at least, to produce that endless diversity and ever-changing variety which exist in the manifestations of the mind. Hence, here is opened the most extensive field imaginable for philosophical research-a field embracing the whole range of the mental phenomena, and also every thing pertaining to human nature.

ANALYSIS OF THE FACULTIES.

The reader will bear in mind that, in the following anal ysis of the various faculties, the author has left ample room for him to exercise his own judgment and discrimination, particularly in ascertaining the influence of some of the combinations. For example: he has described the influence of the organ of amat. large, when acting in conjunction with other organs; yet as the influence of amat. very large upon the other organs, is the same in kind with that of amat. large, and differs only in the degree or amount of that influence, the reader is left to ascertain this by a reference to the combinations under amat. large. The same is true of amat. full, and of all the other organs very large or moderate.

Under amat. moderate, again, the organ is described be-low par, with its combinations. Yet these same combinations will also apply to amat. small, after making the necessary allowance for the diminution of the mere quantum of the amative feeling.

ORDER I.-AFFECTIVE FACULTIES OR FEELINGS.
GENUS I.-ANIMAL PROPENSITIES.

SPECIES I.-DOMESTICK AND SOCIAL PROPENSITIES.

AMATIVENESS.

Reciprocal attachment and love of the sexes.

This faculty prompts many of those kind attentions and obliging manners which the sexes are accustomed to show to each other; greatly increases their mutual attachment and tenderness; gives correct reciprocal ideas of taste and propriety in whatever concerns the other sex, and se cures to them a kind and genteel treatment-thus promoting, as much as any other faculty, general politeness, urbanity, refinement, kindness, and social happiness. The proper ex ercise and expression of this faculty, so far from being the least gross or indelicate, is as perfectly inoffensive as that of any other; and is so far from being the least exceptionable as to be even indispensable, to a virtuous character, especial ly when modified by large adhes., approbat., benev., conscien., ideal., mirth., and the reasoning faculties. The influ ence of this faculty in the intercourse of the sexes, is highly

advantageous to both, inasmuch as it has a tendency to make man civil, courteous, cleanly, and humane, condescending, polished, affable, &c.; and woman agreeable, gracefu. and elegant, accomplished, sensible, and elevated in character, feeling, and purpose.

LARGE-One in whom amat. is large, is extremely fond of the other sex, and of their company, and alive to their charms; is a favourite with them, and readily ingratiates himself into their good will, even though he may be possessed of some qualities that are disagreeable; has a great influence over them; easily kindles in them the passion of love, because he is himself so susceptible to the same passion; and, when in circumstances calculated to excite the faculty, finds its restraint extremely difficult.

One having large amat, with large or very large adhes., is an ardent and devoted lover; and, with ideal. also large, adds to his love that warmth, and fervour, and intensity which make it romantick, and kindle it to a passion; with firm. also large or very large, will be constant; but with these organs large or very large, and firm. moderate or small, will be liable to be inconstant, and possess an attachment by no means exclusive: with ideal. and approbat. very large, secret. and destruct. large, benev., adhes., and caus. only full, and conscien, moderate or small, will sometimes act the part of the coquette, and seek the general admiration of the other sex, rather than be satisfied with individual attachment: with large or very large adhes., philopro., benev., and conscien., will be inclined to marry, and be pre-eminently qualified to enjoy the family and social relations, and will also highly appreciate the joys and pleasures of home, family, and friends; and, with large combat. and destruct., will defend them with boldness, protect their rights with spirit, and punish with severity those who injure them with large or very large approbat. and ideal., will be over-anxious to obtain the approbation, and avoid the disapprobation, of the other sex, and exceedingly sensitive to their praise or censure, and too eager to follow the fashions demanded by the taste of the other sex with moderate acquis., and large approbat, and benev., will spend money freely for their sakes: with large or very large secret. and adhes., will feel much stronger attachment than express; keep his heart much to himself; affect comparative indifference; and, even when the fire of love is burning fiercely within, will express it equivocally, especial.