Reluctant reformers: racism and social reform movements in the United States

abolition abolitionism active African agitation Alliance American became black abolitionists black community black labor black leaders black male suffrage black voters black women black workers Bois campaign capitalist century colonial craft unions demands Democrats discrimination disfranchisement domination economic Elizabeth Cady Stanton emancipation employers equal rights federal feminists Fifteenth Amendments force Frederick Douglass free blacks Garrison Garvey groups Ibid ideology imperialism independent industrial issue Journal of Negro labor movement leadership liberation lynching ment militant monopoly capital NAACP Negro History Niagara Movement nonwhite North Northern opposed oppression Pan-Africanism party's political population Populist prejudice Progressive Progressivism question race racial equality racism radical reform movements Republicans role Roosevelt segregation self-determination slave system slaveholders slavery Social Darwinism social reform Sojourner Truth South Southern suffragists tion trade unions Trotskyists Trotter vote W.E.B. Du Bois Washington Watson white abolitionists white supremacy white women white workers woman suffrage woman's rights York