Depression: Biology, Psychodynamics, and TreatmentJ. Cole, Alan F. Schatzberg, Shervert H. Frazier I have of late-but wherefore I know not-lost all my mirth, foregone all custom of exercises, and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory .... Hamlet, in Hamlet, Act II, Sc. 2. The numbers may have been fewer in Shakespeare's time, but the symp toms were the same. Now, each year, millions instead of thousands of people suffer from a clinical depression severe enough for them to seek help from medical and mental health practitioners. Depression is the most common of all psychiatric disorders and affects people of all ages-from childhood to senescence. Since it represents a major medi cal, public health, and social problem for our culture, it is vitally impor tant that physicians and mental health professionals of all disciplines have a current and thorough understanding of various aspects of the illness-its etiologies, biology, dynamics, course, treatment, and, in some cases, its long-term management. Depression has long been known to Western civilization with early references to it dating back to Homeric writings. In subsequent times, works of art have often portrayed individuals suffering from depression, and medical tomes have proposed a host of therapies, most of which are antiquated. Over time, however, our knowledge has steadily grown. |
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5HIAA affective disorders affective illness amine metabolites amitriptyline anxiety Arch behavior biochemical biological bipolar depressed bipolar manic-depressive depressions brain catecholamine Catecholamine metabolism chronic asocial chronic characterological depressions classification of depressive clinical cognitive cognitive therapy criteria D-type scores Dekirmenjian depres depressed patients depressive disorders depressive illness diagnosis differences differentiation dopamine endogenous depressions episodes factors function genetic Gershon Goodwin FK Hamilton Depression Rating hypomania imipramine levels lithium low MHPG excretion Maas JW major mania manic manic-depressive illness metabolites metanephrine monoamine oxidase monoamine oxidase activity neurotic depression nonendogenous norepinephrine normetanephrine nortriptyline patients with unipolar pharmacological platelet monoamine oxidase precipitants pression probands probenecid Psychiatry psychotherapy psychotic reactive relationship relatively reserpine response retardation Schildkraut JJ schizoaffective schizophrenia serotonin significant sions specific studies subgroups subtypes suggest suicide symptoms Table therapeutic therapist tion treatment of depression tricyclic antidepressants types of depressive unipolar and bipolar unipolar chronic characterological urinary MHPG