other conjunction than the simple copula frequently the case in the historical parts o narration is full of images or events, the nectives may, by crowding the princip another, give a sort of picture of hurry heighten the vivacity of description. I to be traced down through their conseq to their causes; when the complicated are to be laid open, or conjectures offere when the historian argues either for truth, or in order to state the pleas an tending parties; there will be occasion connective, as much as in philosophy its argument, investigation, and science, th is peculiarly and indispensably necessa CHAPTER X. Of INTERSECTIONS INTERJECTIONS are words thr the parts of a sentence, to exp or emotions of the speaker: a alienated my friend; alas! I fe virtue! how amiable thou art!" The English interjections, as well a guages, are comprised within a small of different sorts, according to the dif they serve to express. Those which or grief, are, O! oh! ah! alas! Su of contempt, are, pish! tush! of wo strange! of calling, hem! ho! soho! gust, foh! fie! away! of a call of hold! hark! of requesting silence, h tion, welcome! hail! all hail! Besid ers, frequent in the mouths of the mu merated; but, in a grammar of a c unnecesary to expatiate on such exp are scarcely worthy of being ranked a artificial language.-See the Octavo from one another. HAVING treated of the different sorts of words, and their rious modifications, which is the first part of Etymology, is now proper to explain the methods by which one word derived from another. Words are derived from one another in various ways, viz. 1. Substantives are derived from verbs. 2. Verbs are derived from substantives, adjectives, and ometimes from adverbs. 3 Adjectives are derived from substantives. 4. Substantives are derived from adjectives. 5. Adverbs are derived from adjectives. 1. Substantives are derived from verbs: as, from "to ove," comes" lover;" from "to visit, visiter;" from "to urvive, surviver," &c. In the following instances, and in many others, it is diffiult to determine whether the verb was deduced from the oun, or the noun from the verb, viz. “Love, to love; hate, o hate; fear, to fears sleep, to sleep; walk, to walk; ride, ride; act, to act;" &c. 2. Verbs are derived from substantives, adjectives, and ometimes from adverbs: as, from the substantive salt, comes "to salt ;" from the adjective warm, "to warm ;" and from the adverb forward, "to forward." Sometimes hey are formed by lengthening the vowel, or softening the consonant; as, from "grass, to graze:" sometimes by adling en; as, from "length, to lengthen;" especially to adectives: as, from "short, to shorten; bright, to brighten." 3. Adjectives are derived from substantives, in the folowing manner: Adjectives denoting plenty are derived From substantives by adding y: as, from "health, healthy; wealth. wealthy; might, mighty;" &c. Adjectives denoting the matter out of which any thing is made, are derived from substantives by adding en; as, from "oak, oaken; wood, wooden; wool, woolen;" &c. Adjectives denoting abundance are derived from substantives, by adding ful; as, from " joy, joyful; sin, sinful; fruit, fruitful;" &c. K from "light, lightsome; trouble, troub some;" &c. Adjectives denoting want are derived by adding less: as, from "worth, worth careless; joy, joyless;" &c. Adjectives denoting likeness are de tives, by adding ly; as, from "man, ma court, courtly;" &c. Some adjectives are derived from from substantives, by adding ish to th nation, when added to adjectives, imp lessening the quality: as, "white, wh what white When added to substant militude or tendency to a character; a thief, thievish." Some adjectives are formed from su by adding the termination able; and th fy capacity: as, answer, answerable; ble." as 4. Substantives are derived from a by adding the termination ness; swift, swiftness;" sometimes by addin a small change in some of the letters; high, height." 5. Adverbs of quality are derived fr ding ly, or changing le into ly; and d ty as the adjectives from which they a "base," comes "basely;" from "sio ably." There are so many other ways of one another, that it would be extrem ly impossible, to enumerate them.. of any language are very few; the d the greater number. A few more given here. Some substantives are derived fro by adding the terminations hood, o rick, dom, ian, ment, and age. Substantives ending in hood or he haracter or qualities; as "manho hood;" &c. Substantives ending in ship, are Substantives which end in ery, signify action or habit : "slavery, foolery, prudery," &c. Some substantives this sort come from adjectives; as, 66 brave,bravery," C. Substantives ending in wick, rick, and dom, denote doinion, jurisdiction, or condition; as, "bailiwick, bishopck, kingdom, dukedom. freedom," &c. Substantives which end in ian, are those which signify rofession; as, "physician, musician," &c. Those that nd in ment and age, come generally from the French, and ommonly signify the act or habit; as, "commandment, sage. Some substantives ending in ard, are derived from verbs r adjectives, and denote character or habit; as, "drunk, runkard; dote, dotard.” Some substantives have the form of diminutives; but here are not many. They are formed by adding the terninations, kin, ling, ing, ock, el, and the like; as, "lamb, ambkin; goose, gosling; duck, duckling; hill, hillock; cock, cockerel." &c. That part of derivation which consists in tracing English words to the Saxon, Greek, Latin, French, and other languages, must be omitted, as the English scholar is not supposed to be acquainted with these languages. The best English dictionaries will however, furnish some information on this head, to those who are desirous of obtaining it The learned Horne Tooke, in his "Diversions of Purley," has given an ingenious account of the derivation and meaning of many of the adverbs, conjunctions and prepositions. It is highly probable that the system of this acute grammarian, is founded in truth; and that adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, are corruptions or abbreviations of other parts of speech. But as many of them are derived from obsolete words in our own language, or from words in kindred languages, the radical meaning of which is, therefore, either obscure, or generally unknown; as the system of this very able etymologist is not universally admitted; and as, by long prescription, whatever may have been their origin, the words in question appear to have acquired a title to the rank of distinct species; it seems proper to consider them, as such, in an elementary treatise of grammar: es classification we distinguish these word meaning and use are well understood. consideration of the subject, may with entered upon by the grammatical st knowledge and judgment become more g SECT. 2. A sketch of the steps, by which guage has risen to its present state o BEFORE we conclude the subject of probably be gratifying to the curious sch ed of some particulars respecting the ori language, and the various nations to wh for the copiousness, elegance, and refine now attained. "When the ancient Britons were so pressed by the invasions of their northe Scots and Picts, that their situation wa they sent an embassy (about the middle o to the Saxons, a warlike people inhabi Germany, with solicitations for speedy re accordingly came over to Britain, and repelling the incursions of the Scots and the weak and defenceless state of the Bri to take advantage of it; and at length selves in the greater part of South-Britai possessed the original inhabitants. "From these barbarians, who foun kingdoms in this island, and introduce language and manners, is derived the g English language; which, even in its pr vation, and notwithstanding the successi and improvements, which it has received channels, displays very conspicuous tr original. "The Saxons did not long remain in the kingdom; for before the middle of the Danes, a hardy and adventurous na infested the northern seas with their pira age the English coasts. Their first atte eral, attended with such success, that th |