Vill, in the first person singular and plural, intimates lution and promising: in the second and third person, foretells: as, "I will reward the good, and will punish wicked;" "We will remember benefits, and be grate. 39 Thou wilt, or he will repent of that fully;" "You hey will have a pleasant walk." hall, on the contrary, in the first person, simply fores; in the second and third persons promises, comds, or threatens : as, "I shall go abroad;" "We shall e at home," "Thou shalt, or you shall inherit the land:" e shall do justice, and love mercy," "They shall acnt for their misconduct." The following passage is translated according to the distinct and proper means of the words shall and will: "Surely goodness and rcy shall follow me all the days of my life; and 1 will ell in the house of the Lord for ever;" it ought to be, Vill" follow me," and "I shall dwell"-The foreigner, o, as it is said fell into the Thames, and cried cut; "I / be drowned, nobody shall help me;" made a sad misblication of these auxiliaries. These observations respecting the import of the verbs will shall, must be understood of explicative sentences; for in the sentence is interrogative, just the reverse, for e most part, takes place : thus, I shall go; you will go;” p ́ess event only :" but, “ will you go?" imports intention; 1, “ shall I go?” refers to the will of another. But, "He all_0!” and “shall he go?" both imply will; expressing referring o a command. When the verb is put in the subjunctive mood, the meang of these auxiliaries likewise undergoes some alteration; the learners will readily perceive by a few examples: He shall proceed," "If he shall proceed," "You shall nent," If you shall consent These auxiliaries are metimes interchanged, in the indicative and subjunctive gods, to convey the same meaning of the auxiliary: as, He will not return," If he shall not return;" "He shall ot return." If he will not return." Would, primarily deno.es inclination of will; and should, igation: but they both vary their import, and are often sed to express simple event. VERBS Active are called regula form their imperfect tense of the ind and their perfect participle, by addin ed, or d only when the verb ends in A regular Active Verb is conju following manner. Singular. 1. I love.* 2. Thou lovest. TO LOVE, Indicative Mood. Present Tense. 3. He, she, or it, loveth er loves. Singular. 1 I loved. 2. Thou lovedst. 3. He loved Singular. 1. I have loved. 2 Thou hast loved. 3. He hath or has loved. Singular. 1. i had loved. 2. Thou hadst loved. 3 He had loved. Singular. Plural. 1. We love. 2. Ye or you 3. They lov Imperfect Tense. Plural 1. We love 2. Ye or yo 3. They lov Perfect Tense. Plural 1. We have 2 Ye or yo 3. They ha Pluperfect Tense. 1. I shall or will love. Singular. 1. I shall have loved. Plura 1 We sh 2. Ye or y 3. They s Second Future Tense 2. Thou wilt have loved. 3 He will have loved. Pur 1. We sh 2. Ye or 3. They we use In the present and imperfect tenses verb, when we mean to express energy and posit thou dost love; he does love; I did love; thou all or will love; I may love; I may be loved; I may These compounds are, however, to been loved;" &c. Singular. et me love Imperative Mood. Plural. 1 Let us love. ove, or love thou, or do thou 2. Love, or love ye or you, or de love. Let him love. Singular. may or can love. ye love. 3 Let them love. Potential Mood. Present Tense. Thou mayst or canst love. Singular. Plural. 1. We may or can love. Imperfect Tense. might, could, would, or should love. Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, er shouldst love. Plural. 1 We might, could, would, er should love 2 Ye or you might, could, would, or should love. He might, could, would, or 3 They might, could, would, or I might, could, would, or 1 We might, could, would, er should have loved. should have loved. Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst, 2 Ye or you might, could, would, or shouldst have loved. or should have loved. He might, could, would, or 3 They might, could, would, or should have loved. See pages 76, 77, and page 87. It may be of use to the scholar, to rema that though only the conjunction if is aff any other conjunction proper for the su may with equal propriety, be occasionally instance given is sufficient to explain the would be tedious, and tend to embarrass th Infinitive Mood. Present. To love. Perfect. Participles. Perfect. Present. Loving. Compound Perfect. Having lo The active verb may be conjugated, dif ing its present or active participle to t to be, through all its moods and tenses; teach, thou teachest, he teaches," &c. ; w teaching, thou art teaching, he is teach stead of "I taught," &c. "I was teaching through all the variations of the auxiliar conjugation has, on particular occasions, a ty: and contributes to the harmony and language. These forms of expression ar cular acts, not to general habits, or affed They are very frequently applied to neu am musing; he is sleeping."* Some grammarians apply what is call termination, to the persons of the princi auxiliaries, through all the tenses of the But this is certainly contrary to the pra ters. Johnson applies this termination t perfect tenses only. Lowth restricts it e sent tense; and Priestly confines it to th perfect tenses. This difference of opin marians of such eminence, may have d diversity of practice, so observable in th As the participfe, in this mode of conjuga fice of a verb, through all the moods and tens the idea of time, and governs the objective ca nouns in the same manner as verbs do; is it n a species or form of the verb, and that it cann ered as a distinct part of speech? guage. wth; and conceive we are fully warranted by his aurity, and that of the most correct and elegant writers, in iting the conjunctive termination of the principal verb, the second and third persons singular of the present tense. Grammarians have not only differed in opinion, respectthe extent and variations of the subjunctive mood, but Few of them have even doubted the existence of such a ood in the English language. These writers assert, that e verb has no variation from the indicative; and that a njunction added to the verb, gives it no title to become a stinct mood; or, at most, no better than it would have, any other particle were joined to it. To these observaons it may be replied; 1st. It is evident, on inspection, at, in the subjunctive mood, the present tense of the rincipal verbs, the present and imperfect tenses of the erb to be, and the second and third persons in both numers, of the second future tense of all verbs ;* require a ariation from the forms which those tenses have in the inicative mood. So much difference in the form of the verb, would warrant a correspondent distinction of mood, though he remaining parts of the subjunctive were, in all respects, similar to those of the indicative. In other languages, a principle of this nature has been admitted, both in the conjugation of verbs, and the declension of nouns. 2d. There appears to be as much propriety, in giving a conjunction the power of assisting to form the subjunctive mood, as there is in allowing the particle to to have an effect in the formation of the infinitive mood † 3d. A conjunction added to the verb, shows the manner of being, doing, or suffering, which other particles cannot show they do not coalesce with the verb, and modify it, as conjunctions do. 4th. It may be said, "If contingency constitutes the subjunctive Vis subject, we aupt the opinion on DI, * We think it has been proved, that the auxiliary is a constituent part of the verb to which it relates: that the principal and its auxiary form but one verb. verb. Conjunctions have an influence on the mood of the following Conjunctions have sometimes a government of moods. Dr. Lowth. |