on the awareness to the roles of black historical personalities as well as cultural contributions by the black race.

(3) Harlem Tenants Association (1,500 members). The Belle Glade staff is assisting the Harlem Tenants Association in the process of applying for F.H.A. 236 monies for the construction of 300 units and also obtaining tax-exempt status. (4) Teens of Pahokee (200 members). The Belle Glade staff has assisted the oragnization in securing a clubhouse and presently is assisting the group in its efforts to combat the closing of the municipal swimming pool.

(5) Cry of Black Young (100 members). Secured corporate status, by-laws, etc.; advising as to their legal rights regarding attempts to reform police prac. tices and municipal court procedures.

Legal workers in the Delray office have done considerable work in document. ing illegal administration of the school lunch program in Palm Beach County. Coordinating the efforts with the Community Action Council and C.A.M.P., a meeting was held with the school lunch director and another person from the school administration at which time documentation was given for numerous serious problems in the county. The press was very receptive, and the School Board people seemed to have been impressed by the presentation.

The Delray staff is presently incorporating the First Street Tenants Organization under a new name-United Tenants Organization. They are now in the process of evaluating the new federal law that will prevent the tenants' eviction for construction of a federal building without relocation housing being available. At the present time, the tenants are living rent free in buildings owned by the federal government, but they are paying the necessary day-to-day expenses. The Delray office has attempted to cut down on family dispute cases and, in fact, has been successful in referring many recently to the private bar. The Delray office has also been involved in a small number of situations in which they represented a group of farm workers who are either in the same crew or living in the same camp area. These recent cases involve holding meetings over possible actions to be taken to improve camp conditions, and action in preventing illegal evictions which were threatened in another situation.

The Pompano Office has prepared and distributed to all of the F.R.L.S. field offices a pesticide poisoning checklist which outlines the recommended procedure for processing and investigating suspected pesticide poisonings of farmworkers. It attempts to determine such facts as identifying the pesticide involved, preserving evidence of the poisoning, discovering possible statutory violations by the grower or pesticide applicator (to establish negligence liability per se for litigation purposes), securing proper medical care for the victim, etc.

The Pompano staff continues its representation of Together All Black Ameri cans, Inc. and organization of black rural indigents. T.A.B.A. has involved itself in a number of worthwhile service projects for the poor in Pompano Beach. T.A.B.A. organized a Thanksgiving dinner for the black community which fed hundreds of poor people in the area. At Christmas, T.A.B.A. collected toys and clothing and distributed them to many needy children. T.A.B.A.'s office serves as a service center to the poor community in Pompano Beach, collecting and distributing clothing and shoes to needy persons, referring persons to the various social agencies or F.R.L.S. depending upon the nature of the problem, and operating a black culture and history center.

After a presentation to the Broward County League of Women Voters, a number of the women expressed a desire to view migrant conditions first-hand. F.R.L.S. investigators conducted a tour of migrant camps and farms in the area for a group of over 40 concerned citizens.

The Pompano staff is representing Concerned Communities, Inc. This client group has now obtained property upon which to build a new, large day care facility for indigent children in rural Pompano Beach. The Pompano staff is continuing its representation working with the Educational Data, Inc. of Fort Lauderdale in an attempt to obtain financing for the center from the federal S.B.A. as well as coordinating efforts of the several community groups who are working jointly on the day care project.

The Pompano and Delray Beach office staffs have begun to represent a broad group of rural farmworkers on the range line encompassing blacks, Chicanos, and Puerto Ricans. This group is being incorporated under the name of United Farmworkers, Inc.

On December 15, 1970, we participated in the Florida Bar conclave on redress of civil rights grievances of indigents. The conference was called by Burton Young, President of the Florida Bar, and chaired by Edward J. Adkins, member of the Florida Bar Board of Governors. Other participants included the

United States attorneys of the Northern, Middle, and Southern districts and Deputy Assistant General of the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department, the Deputy General Counsel of the Civil Rights Commission, and other O.E.O. legal service project directors. The conference was hosted by the Law School of the University of Miami.

The meeting was very productive in that the legal services agencies in Florida were promised greater cooperation by the governmental agencies in the field of housing and employment discrimination cases. In addition, channels of communication were established between the governmental agencies and legal service programs.

A member of the Pompano staff has been appointed to the Broward County Bar committee for Law Day.

The Pompano staff is presently conducting a resource analysis of agribusiness. This study should enable all offices to get a better picture of the employment status and the prospects for future employment security for one of our major client groups-the migrant and seasonal farmworker. The study covers areas such as capital, labor, land use and the government and the grower. Its length is about sixty pages and it should continue to grow as developments continue to occur in each of the areas mentioned. Initial distribution of approximately 60 copies to members of the Board of F.R.L.S., to members of the working and mangerial press, and to other interested parties has been made. Reaction by the grower community is mixed but not totally adverse.

Mr. FORD. Would you tell us your name, please?

Miss SIMMONS. I am Miss Maretha Simmons.

I would like to know if there is anyone here who can tell us anything about what is happening in the Headstart program, the day care centers.

Mr. FORD. We are going to hear testimony regarding Headstart in the afternoon session. We have five witnesses who will be testifying. The morning sessions concerns Legal Services only.

And now, Mr. Garth Reeves.

Mr. DIXON. He said he would be here about 11. He is not here yet. Mr. FORD. Is Professor Levinson here?

Professor LEVINSON. Yes, sir.

Mr. FORD. Professor, we have heard from more than one source that you are involved in a survey of Legal Services and the client population at which Legal Services is targeted.

We want to at this point acknowledge the cooperation of the local people who brought you to our attention.

Professor LEVINSON. Thank you.

Mr. FORD. If you have any prepared material, we will insert it at this point in the record, and you may make whatever reference you wish to it in your remarks.

STATEMENT OF PROF. HAROLD LEVINSON, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LAW SCHOOL, GAINESVILLE, FLA.

Professor LEVINSON. I would like to say for the record first of all that what I say today is on my own responsibility and should not be attributed to either the University of Florida or to the Florida Bar.

Both of those organizations were cosponsors of the study which is now in progress. The study is not yet complete.

I have some statistics which I brought with me in a tentative form, and other portions of the study are in the process of being edited, typed, and reviewed.

Mr. FORD. When do you expect to finalize your efforts?

Professor LEVINSON. I am hoping that at a meeting next month a tentative draft will be reviewed by a number of responsible members of the bar, and depending on the outcome of that meeting, the stage of the report represented by that draft should be released sometime during May.

Further stages will be available later on during the summer.

Mr. FORD. I wonder if we might impose upon you to forward the report when it has been passed upon by your principals to the Committee to be included in the record at that time.

Professor LEVINSON. Yes, sir. Will the third week in May be in time to catch the record of these hearings?

Mr. FORD. Yes. These hearings will continue until the end of this Congress because they have a twofold purpose: One is to deal with the legislation that is now pending, but we also have the responsibility for reporting to the Congress on all of the programs being operated under the jurisdiction of our committee, and in our own case we are dealing specifically with areas that include legal services.

So sometime during the next 2 years we have to explain to the rest of the Congress how this program has been operating. Go right ahead.

Professor LEVINSON. If I may just briefly describe the mechanics of the survey, in November the Florida bar and the University of Florida appropriated funds enabling this study to be made, and during the December academic recess I was able to employ 15 law students at the University of Florida, the College of Law.

These 15 students were assigned various areas of the State depending on where their homes happened to be.

Twelve of the 15 students spent the month of December in their own home communities which were located all the way across the State from Dade up to Bay County.

Many of these students have parents or relatives who are practicing lawyers, and they all have roots in these communities that they examined.

They were not given a closed objective true-false kind of a questionnaire, but they were given an open-ended mandate to go around and find out, somewhat as this committee is doing, just what is going on in the various parts of the State.

They brought back their reports in the spring of this year. These are now being reviewed, and I have a tentative overview as a result of their reports, in addition to which I have consulted statistics published by the FBI and the Judicial Council of Florida, and other statistics published in the recommended budget which the Governor of the State of Florida recommended to the Legislature, including information concerning Public Defenders, State Attorneys and so on. I have always received cooperation from the OEO lawyers around the State, so I am building a picture of Legal Services and my mandate is a broad one, not only Legal Services in the OEO sense, but Legal Services on the criminal side including Public Defenders, Legal Aid Societies, Lawyer Referral Societies, Civil Rights organizations and so on.

In short the Bar asked me to tell it like it is and gave me a free hand to look around and to report on what I thought was being done.

We are waiting for the United States Census Bureau to produce an income profile of the community.

We have total population figures but the breakdown as to family income has not yet come through, and I am hoping when the figures come through we can pinpoint the areas of the State which have larger indigent populations than others.

Right now we have total population, total number of lawyers, total number of Public Defenders, total number of OEO lawyers, et cetera. Just as an example

Mr. FORD. Let me ask a question out of curiosity.

Professor, how do you define a person as legally indigent? And I am not using the word "legally" now in terms of any legal definition, but we refer to a person as medically indigent if he is unable to get the medical care that he needs.

How do you define a legally indigent person under those terms? Professor LEVINSON. Of course, from my standpoint I could use the same classification for legally indigent, people who cannot afford legal services that they need.

That is sometimes difficult for men to agree on, what constitutes a need, but I suppose the same would be true with medicine also.

Mr. FORD. Except that generally the person who needs medical care has some very acute knowledge of this because he has a pain or an injury.

Many indigent people who need legal assistance don't know it.

Professor LEVINSON. That's right. Of course on the criminal side people know because they have been arrested or they are threatened with immediate prosecution and then they have an acute symptom.

On the civil side the need is not always known at the time.

Studies have been made around the country but not in Florida in an effort to work out what are the unrealized needs of indigent persons on the civil side, and all the reports so far indicate it is vast, vast and unreachable by any kind of resources so far.

Mr. FORD. Then you are saying, Professor, if we are going to deal with people who are legally indigent, we have to think in terms of some sort of an outreach to them that will identify the needs and inform the people of their need?

Professor LEVINSON. Yes, absolutely.

Mr. FORD. As well as a program that traditionally we have found an office some place and put a sign over it that said legal aid, and if a person were lucky enough to stumble in there he got some legal assistance.

Are we talking about doing something different when you describe your survey?

Professor LEVINSON. Well, the purpose of my survey so far is to describe what we have now, and what we have now is a wide variety of different types of services.

We have right now of course on the criminal side public defenders. The public defender as previous witnesses have pointed out this morning is organized both on a statewide basis and also in some municipalities on a municipal basis.

On the civil side we have OEO installations around the State employing some 60 lawyers serving parts of the whole State.

We have some traditional legal aid societies; we have lawyer referral services; we have some members of the private bar.

We have some rights organizations such as the ACLU and the NAACP which render services.

We have a wide variety of different types of services and my primary function is to catalogue them, see what we have and see how many people we reach.

Just as an example of the statistics, if I may refer to my tentative figures here, in Florida there are a total of 67 counties, having a total population according to the current census of about six and threequarter million people.

At the present time, of the 67 counties, 10 counties have an OEO Legal Services office either in them or purporting to serve them and 57 counties do not.

The counties which do have OEO offices tend to be the more populous, so in all fairness we should give total populations for those counties.

Ten counties which do have some kind of OEO Legal Services office have about three and a half million inhabitants.

The 57 counties which don't have any OEO Legal Service offices have a population of three and a quarter million.

So this means that three and a quarter million people in the State, of whom a substantial percentage are indigents, are in counties which have no OEO Legal Service law offices at all, roughly half of the State.

The other half of the State obviously doesn't have complete access because only 60 OEO lawyers around the State can't serve three and a half million people in every type of need that those people could possibly have on the civil side.

These figures will indicate roughly what we have now.

The OEO Regional Office in Atlanta has a file of applications filed by other communities in the State of Florida asking for the establishment of OEO Legal Services offices, and these applications have not been acted on because of lack of funds or whatever other reasons there may have been.

Many communities feel the need for such services, but for some reason have been not given them by the OEO authorities.

Mr. FORD. Professor, we have a representative from the Office of Economic Opportunity here.

I would like to ask him to furnish the committee with an inventory of the pending applications from the Atlanta office and give us some indication of the unfulfilled requests that are now pending. Go ahead.

Professor LEVINSON. I would like to comment if I may upon some of the remarks which have been made this morning about the structure of the proposed new organization.

I must confess I have not seen the proposed statute until this morning. Sometimes mail in Gainesville is a little slower than it is in the larger cities, and obviously I haven't had time to digest it much less. comment on the provisions.

I think it is important to point out that we have a professionalism which has developed among the lawyers in these OEO offices in Florida and I am sure elsewhere.

The previous speakers this morning have made the point the climate is changing and has changed significantly over the past few

years.