Brute FactsElly Vintiadis, Constantinos Mekios Brute facts are facts that don't have explanations. They are instrumental in our attempts to provide adequate justifications for other facts or phenomena. Brute facts inform many people's views about the structure of the world, and are part of philosophical interpretations in metaphysics and the philosophy of science. Yet, despite the considerable literature on explanation, the question of bruteness has been left largely unexamined. The chapters in Brute Facts address this gap in academic thought by exploring the central considerations which surround this topic. How can we draw a distinction between facts that can reasonably be thought of as brute and facts for which further explanation is possible? Can we explain something and gain understanding by appealing to brute facts? Is naturalism inconsistent with the existence of (non-physical) brute facts? Can modal facts be brute facts? Are emergent facts brute? This volume brings together contributions by authors who offer different answers to these questions. In presenting a range of different viewpoints on these matters, Brute Facts engages with major debates in contemporary philosophy concerning modality, naturalism, consciousness, reduction and explanation. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Must There be Brute Facts? | 19 |
How to Make the Case for Brute Facts | 28 |
Bruteness and Supervenience Mind vs Morality | 45 |
Brute Necessity and the MindBody Problem | 63 |
Are Modal Facts Brute Facts? | 97 |
Truthmaking and the Mysteries of Emergence | 113 |
Are There Brute Facts aboutConsciousness? | 130 |
The Provenance of Consciousness | 155 |
Brute Facts about Emergence | 177 |
There is Nothing Really Wrong with Emergent Brute Facts | 197 |
Emergence Inexplicable but Explanatory | 213 |
Naturalism Emergence and Brute Facts | 234 |
Emergence Downward Causation and No Brute Facts in Biological Systems | 248 |
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argue Barnes basic Bickhard brute connections brute necessity brute phenomenal facts Cameron causal closure causal powers Chalmers claim conception discussion distinct El-Hani emergence base emergent properties emergentism emergentists empirical entities epistemic epistemic gap ethical example explanation explanatory gap facts about consciousness fundamental Goff Goswick grounds higher-level Humean idea identity infer instantiated irreducible kind knowledge argument laws Levine logical mental mereological metaphysical Mind Mind-Body Problem modal objects modal properties natural piety necessary truths nonmodal objects nonmodally appropriate nonphenomenal normative notion ontological dependence ontological emergence ontologically brute facts organization Oxford University Press panpsychism panpsychist particles philosophy of mind physicalist plausible possible worlds premise principle priori entailed problem protophenomenal Qualia question reality reason relation relevant Russellian monism Russellian panprotopsychism Schaffer scientific sense sort property Strawson strong emergence structural-and-dynamic supervenience theory things true truthmaking unexplained virtue weak emergence weakly emergent