Science and Art.

THE OPHTHALMOSCOPE.-Dr. Rose

NEW MINERAL.-A new mineral has been discovered in the neighbourhood burgh has recently given a description.

of the Upper Yarra, Australia. It resembles that well-known as sapphirine, and is harder than topaz. It will be principally valuable to the lapidary in polishing other stones.

of the mode of using a new instrument of his invention, by which the eye may be examined, and the deep structures of the living eye may be photographed. This will be a welcome addition to ophthalmic surgery.

POTATOE DISEASE.-Professor Liebig says that the cause of this disease BRONZE MEDAL OF GARIBALDI.-A is not to be found in the atmosphere, well-executed bronze medal, an inch but in exhaustion and want of vigour and a half in diameter, has been struck in the soil, which may be remedied by to commemorate the visit of Garibaldi the use of bone powder and ashes. to England. The artist, Mr. T. R. M. Pousard has also given his opinion, Pinches, has produced a very faithful the result of successful experiments, likeness of the Italian patriot. that it is owing to the impoverishing MR. E. M. WARD has just comof the root by alternate frost and heat, pleted another of the series of pictures and by planting his potatoes after 1st to decorate the corridors of the House of June they escape the frosts of April, of Commons. It is executed in the and the withering of the leaf in July. stereochrome or water-glass material. GERANIUM LEAVES. It is not It is one of Mr. Ward's most successgenerally known that geranium leaves ful pictures. The subject is, the landare an excellent application for cuts, ing of Charles II. at Dover at the where the skin is rubbed off, and for Restoration.

other wounds of that kind. One or MR. LUCY, an English artist resitwo leaves must be bruised, and ap-dent at Fontainbleau, has painted a plied on linen to the part, and the large picture of Hampton Court on a wound will become cicatrized in a Sunday evening in the time of Cromvery short time. well, in which are introduced the Lord

PAUL FLANDRIN, a French painter, died recently. His chief works are his paintings in the church of St. Germain des Près, which he left unfinished, and his portrait of Louis Napoleon.

A GREAT COMET is predicted by Protector, his daughter Mrs. Claypole, Professor Newmager. He thinks that Milton, Andrew Marvel, Thurloe, it will come so close as to endanger Richard Cromwell and others. The our earth; and should it not attach picture will be exhibited in London itself to us, as one globule of quick-during the season. silver to another, nor annihilate us, during three nights we shall have no night, but be bathed in the brilliant light of the blazing train. The Professor is now on his road to Bavaria from Australia. We may, therefore, expect to hear more of this presently. ANOTHER PLANET. - Mr. Pogson, the government astronomer at Madras, has discovered another minor planet, which he has named Sappho. The minor planets now reach the number of fourscore.

AN EXTRAORDINARY METHOD of restoring old paintings, which is perfectly simple, involving no chemical preparation, and which can be applied so as to act in half an hour, is said to have been discovered by Pettenkofer, the famous Bavarian chemist.

A MEDALLION portrait of the Prince NOVEL USE OF ELECTRICITY.-Mr. of Wales by Mr. Wyon has just been Barker is already known as the in- completed. The likeness is good, and ventor of the pneumatic lever, by the execution of the work satisfactory. which the touch of the key-board of SIR EDWARD LANDSEER has comthe organ is lightened. He is now pleted the model for one of the lions proposing by the aid of electricity to destined for the base of the Nelson simplify the present cumbrous and column. It is at present in the studio complicated means by which the keys of Baron Marochetti, previous to being communicate with the organ pipes. cast into bronze.

Literature.

GOD'S GLORY IN THE

HEAVENS.*

to each other. The whole paper is
well worth reading. The next takes
up
"the invisible side" of the moon,
and special reference is made to M.
Hansen's discovery.

DR. LEITCH gives us in this volume a score papers, admirably written, on some of the most attractive astronomical subjects. He first takes us on "In the case of the moon, the side a journey through space," now on turned to us is virtually one enormous the tail of a comet, and now on a ray mountain, and the opposite side the corof light. He well puts the following responding valley. We could not expect in this paper:—

66

to find traces of air on the summit of a terrestrial mountain one hundred and

amenities of life. The imagination is set tion, rejoicing in all the comforts and free to picture broad oceans, bearing on their bosoms the commerce of this new world, rivers fertilizing the valleys through which they flow, a luxuriant vegetation, and buildings of colossal size.

"From the simple law, that light re-thirty-four miles high. The conclusion, quires time to travel from one point to therefore, is, that though the near hemisanother, it follows, that we see everything phere is a lifeless desert, the hidden in the past. In the case of very distant objects this leads to startling results. For hemisphere may have a teeming populaevery event in the past history of the world, there is a corresponding point in space, and if we were situated on a star at that point, we should, on looking down upon the earth, see the corresponding event transacted. For example, if we took up our position in a star, to which light would take six thousand years to travel from this globe, we should witness the scenes of paradise, and the roll of the world's history would unfold itself to our eyes. If the course of events appeared too slow, we could hasten it, in any degree, by gliding swiftly towards the earth, along the course of the rays. If we could accomplish the journey in an hour, the history of six thousand years would be condensed into that period."

Granting that the other side of the moon is peopled, can our world ever know of its inhabitants, seeing that only the lighter side is turned to us? It is plain that the inhabitants, if they keep on their own side, can never get a glimpse of the earth. If there is an atmosphere, it is probable that it may extend a small way within the visible side, though in a rarified form. We can then conceive the intrepid lunar inhabitants venturing, as far as they can breathe, within the barren Dr. Leitch gives us four papers on hemisphere; just like adventurous travelthe moon. The first takes up the old lers on our globe, scaling lofty mountains and often debated question is the to obtain an extended view of the landmoon inhabited? Dr. Hansen's disscape. What an astonishing spectacle covery has once more revived this must burst upon the view of the lunar controversy. The writer of this volume tourist as soon as he fairly gets within the shows that, judging from the, to us, new hemisphere! The traveller who has visible part of the moon, there is no spent the night on the summit of the air, and so no medium for the convey- Rigi, to watch the rising of the sun over ance of sound. Eternal silence reigns. the snow-clad ranges of the Oberland A mountain toppling down into the Alps, feels rewarded for all his toil by the valley beneath would make no more southern hemisphere, when he first beglorious spectacle. The explorer of the noise than the falling of a piece of holds the southern cross and the Magelwool, and would not be much more lanic clouds, experiences no ordinary rapid in its descent. The people must converse by signs. Music is impossible. There can be no shelter from the glare of the sun by fleecy clouds; and no light except when the sun is directly over any spot; so that dark night and bright day would be near

God's Glory in the Heavens. By William Leitch,

D.D. London: Strahan & Co.

delight at having ushered into view a new portion of God's universe. But these illustrations can but imperfectly enable us to realize the case of the lunar traveller, when he first beholds the earth. He will see an immense blue orb hung up, immovably fixed, in the heavens. It will appear to him fourteen times larger than the moon appears to us. The sun will be seen, as in the other lunar hemisphere,

God's Glory in the Heavens.

181

to rise in one horizon, and in fourteen M. Lescarbault, and, Frenchman-like, days set in the opposite; but the earth announced himself and his titles with never moves. The stars at midday, as a view of overawing the perpetrator well as at midnight, will appear to pass of the sorry joke. He asked sharply—

behind its disc, while it maintains the same position. But though immovably fixed in the heavens, wondrous activities

will be discovered. It will exhibit in

"Is it you, sir, who pretend to have discovered the intra-Mercurial planet, and who have committed the grave offence of twenty-eight days all the phases of the keeping your observation secret for nine moon-now a thin crescent, then a full months? I have to tell you that I am orb. Its rapid rotation will also be a most come with the intention of exposing your notable object, for, in so large an orb, the pretensions, and of demonstrating your twenty-four hours period will be most great delusion, if not your dishonesty. marked. And then the blue atmosphere Tell me at once, categorically, what have will be undergoing incessant changes. you seen? The lamb trembled all over at Belts, corresponding to the trade-winds, this rude summons of the lion; he tried will be seen, and throughout the whole to speak, but he only stammered out the extent, the varying climates of the world following reply:- At four o'clock, on the will be observable. Though objects on 26th of March last, faithful to my constant the surface of the earth will be but dimly habit, I looked through my telescope, and descried, still our seas, continents, and observed the disc of the sun, when, all at mountain ranges may be distinguished. once, I detected near the eastern edge a What a tale of wonder will the traveller have to tell, when, after his perilous adventures, he returns to the bosom of his family!"

small black point, perfectly round, and sharply defined, passing across the disc with a very sensible motion. It gradually, though quite perceptibly, increased its distance from the edge, but' "—

The two other papers on the moon Here M. Lescarbault went on to reare devoted to a description of the late that at that moment a knock was lunar landscape, and a fair estimate of the uses of the moon to the earth and heard on the counter of his laboratory its inhabitants. One of the most below, and the knocking growing more fascinating papers is the sixth-on the emphatic, he descended. He hastened discovery of the planet Vulcan; a dis-to attend to the summons for his procovery made, not by an astronomer fessional aid. Fortunately it was not of repute, who had the most accurate a call to go abroad. A soothing instruments at his service, but by an draught was all that was needed. He obscure French doctor, in a remote scrupulously measured out the ingrevillage, whose instruments were mostly dients, corked and labelled the bottled, of his own construction, and were of and then rushed back again to his the homeliest description. Leverrier, director of the Observatory of Paris, laid before the Academy of Science the proofs which had led him to the conclusion that there must be a

little observatory. He was not too the disc. He had marked the precise late. The strange planet was still on time when the planet had appeared on the eastern edge of the disc, and he planet within the orbit of Mercury. now carefully watched the moment Three months after, Dec., 1859, he when it would disappear. Having received a letter from the small town noted these times, and measured the of Orgères, in the department of Enre-size and position of the segment of et-Loire. The contents startled the the sun's disc cut off by the path of astronomer, who, however, lost no the planet, he had branded the object, time in sifting the matter. The writer so that it could afterwards be idenof the letter, M. Lescarbault, the doc- tified. This was not enough for Levertor aforesaid, announced that he had, rier; he now sternly askedon the 26th March preceding, observed "Where is your chronometer, sir?' My chronometer! a small planet cross the disc of the sun. I have only this minute Keeping the secret to himself, Lever- watch, the faithful companion of all my rier, in fear lest the letter should prove watch, marking only minutes, do you dare professional visits.' 'What! with that old a hoax, set off for Orgères. He took to speak of estimating seconds? I fear with him M. Vallée, a civil engineer, my suspicions are too well founded.' The as a spectator of the severity with doctor showed to his satisfaction how he which he intended to visit the culprit. accomplished the object. With the aid of He presented himself at the door of a ball hung by a silk thread, and swinging

seconds, combined with the counting of his pulse while observing, he attained the requisite accuracy.

"The next point was the telescope. Was it good enough to see a small black point? Here Lescarbault spoke with more confidence. He had, after great privation and suffering, saved enough to buy a lens. The optician, seeing his enthusiasm and poverty, gave it cheap. He made the tube himself, and all the fittings necessary to mount it properly. He now went into some technical details to explain how, by means of threads stretched across the focus of the telescope, he was able to measure distances on the sun's dise."

His papers will never be thrown aside with disgust, but are certain to win favour wherever they circulate.

QUIET RESTING PLACES.* MR. RALEIGH is well known as a popular preacher among the Independents. This volume contains some twenty sermons, delivered in the ordinary course of his ministry, and published nearly as they were written. They are just such discourses as weary men like to hear on the Sabbath, and will neither overtax the brain nor heart. Strong men need stronger meat; but every man in his own order. There is too much diffusiveness for our taste; and the gold is hammered into such thin leaf that it must have been difficult to carry anything away except a certain vague impression. We have not heard Mr. Raleigh, and so do not know what we have lost by not hearing these sermons delivered. The sermon entitled, "Voices of the Spring," while not the most finished, contains a fair average of Mr. Raleigh's excel

Then followed the search for the original jottings of the observation. After some trouble, and not a little trepidation, these were found. They were on a square powder-paper, which had seen some service in the shop, was spotted with grease and laudanum, and now served as a book-marker. The rough draught of his calculations was also discovered on a board in the doctor's carpenter's shop, for he did not disdain even the work of an ordinary mechanic. The lion at last softened down, and became all kind- lencies. The "Voices" of the season ness. The doctor had removed all Leverrier's doubts. The obscure astronomer speedily obtained from the Emperor the decoration of the Legion of Honour-in this instance most worthily bestowed. He was invited to a grand banquet in the Hotel du Louvre, but he persistently declined, his chief reason being that "he had not the means of securing a substitute to wait on his dear patients" in the humble town of Osgères.

The sun-its total eclipse, its work and structure, its chemistry; the structure and history of comets; the structure of planets and of Saturn's rings; the nebular hypothesis; stellar grouping; the eternity of matter; the plurality of worlds-such are some of the attractive subjects to which the remainder of the volume is devoted. There are, moreover, a dozen plates, well executed, and synoptical tables of great value to the student. The style is clear and forcible, and but for certain blemishes arising from the misuse of the auxiliary verb, would be faultless. Popular scientific works too often either drivel like a child's primer, or talk the most stilted and verbose nonsense. Dr. Leitch does neither.

are eight-fold: "The first voice speaks directly of God," the second of the divine faithfulness, the third of divine goodness, the fourth of divine tenderness. The remainder are voices cheering those who are serving God faithfully, which sound away into the far future, announce the general resurrection, and tell that all our earthly time is the springtime of our existence. We give the following quotation, not as the happiest illustration of Mr. Raleigh's style, but as the one that from its brevity we can most easily reproduce.

"A voice which sounds away into the far future, and foretells the time of the restitution of all things.' God, in renew. ing the face of the earth, seems to give us a visible picture and bright image of that blessed moral renovation which is coming in the fulness of time. If you were in the country you could not fail to be struck with the universality of the vegetative would see it everywhere-climbing up to power, and with its restlessness. You the highest places, and blooming down in lowly dells, invading the most hidden spots, embracing with its green arms the

Alexander Raleigh, Canonbury, Edinburgh: Adam Quiet Resting Places and other Sermons, By and Charles Black.

Intelligence.

Intelligence.

As there was no business to be transacted, there was an interesting and animated conversation on several important large.