Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Third Edition, Revised and ExpandedPaul C. Hiemenz, Raj Rajagopalan This work aims to familiarize students with the fundamentals of colloid and surface science, from various types of colloids and colloidal phenomena, and classical and modern characterization/measurement techniques to applications of colloids and surface science in engineering, technology, chemistry, physics and biological and medical sciences. The Journal of Textile Studies proclaims "High praise from peers . . .contains valuable information on many topics of interest to food rheologists and polymer scientists ...[The book] should be in the libraries of academic and industrial food research organizations" and Chromatographia describes the book as "...an excellent textbook, excellently organised, clearly written and well laid out." |
Contents
Colloid and Surface Chemistry Scope and Variables | 1 |
12 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SURFACE FOR SMALL PARTICLES | 6 |
13 CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS BASED ON AFFINITY TO CARRIER FLUID | 10 |
14 CONCEPT OF STABILITY OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS | 14 |
15 SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLOIDS | 19 |
16 SOME CLASSICAL AND EMERGING EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS | 38 |
17 AN OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK | 56 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 57 |
Colloidal Structures in Surfactant Solutions Association Colloids | 355 |
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS | 357 |
83 STRUCTURE OF MICELLES | 362 |
84 MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF SURFACTANTS PACKING CONSIDERATIONS AND SHAPES OF MICELLES | 367 |
85 CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION AND THE THERMODYNAMICS OF MICELLIZATION | 370 |
86 SOLUBILIZATION | 375 |
87 CATALYSIS BY MICELLES | 380 |
88 REVERSE MICELLES | 386 |
PROBLEMS | 59 |
Sedimentation and Diffusion and Their Equilibrium | 62 |
SOME BASIC CONSIDERATIONS | 65 |
23 GRAVITATIONAL SEDIMENTATION | 67 |
24 CENTRIFUGAL SEDIMENTATION | 74 |
25 DIFFUSION | 78 |
26 BROWNIAN MOTION AND DIFFUSION | 85 |
27 THE RANDOM COIL AND RANDOM WALK STATISTICS | 94 |
28 EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN SEDIMENTATION AND DIFFUSION | 98 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 101 |
PROBLEMS | 102 |
Solution Thermodynamics Osmotic and Donnan Equilibria | 105 |
THERMODYNAMIC FOUNDATIONS | 108 |
SOME APPLICATIONS | 114 |
34 STATISTICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS | 120 |
35 OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM IN CHARGED SYSTEMS | 132 |
36 SOME APPLICATIONS OF OSMOTIC PHENOMENA | 139 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 140 |
REFERENCES | 141 |
PROBLEMS | 142 |
The Rheology of Dispersions | 145 |
42 NEWTONS LAW OF VISCOSITY | 148 |
43 CONCENTRICCYLINDER AND CONEANDPLATE VISCOMETERS | 150 |
44 THE POISEUILLE EQUATION AND CAPILLARY VISCOMETERS | 154 |
THE NAVIERSTOKES EQUATION | 158 |
46 EINSTEINS THEORY OF VISCOSITY OF DISPERSIONS | 161 |
47 DEVIATIONS FROM THE EINSTEIN MODEL | 168 |
48 NONNEWTONIAN BEHAVIOR | 174 |
49 VISCOSITY OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS | 181 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 188 |
PROBLEMS | 189 |
Static and Dynamic Light Scattering and Other Radiation Scattering | 193 |
52 INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER | 196 |
THEORY OF RAYLEIGH SCATTERING | 202 |
54 EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF LIGHT SCATTERING | 207 |
55 EXTENSION TO LARGER PARTICLES AND TO INTRAPARTICLE INTERFERENCE EFFECTS | 213 |
56 INTERFERENCE EFFECTS AND STRUCTURE OF PARTICLES | 223 |
57 SCATTERING BY LARGE ABSORBING PARTICLES | 229 |
58 DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING | 236 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 242 |
REFERENCES | 243 |
PROBLEMS | 244 |
Surface Tension and Contact Angle Application to Pure Substances | 248 |
A FIRST LOOK | 251 |
SURFACE TENSION AS SURFACE FREE ENERGY | 255 |
IMPLICATIONS FOR CURVED INTERFACES AND CAPILLARITY | 257 |
THE KELVIN EQUATION | 261 |
THEIR RELATION TO WETTING AND SPREADING PHENOMENA | 265 |
SOME COMPLICATIONS | 272 |
ROUND TWO | 276 |
69 CONTACT OF LIQUIDS WITH POROUS SOLIDS AND POWDERS | 283 |
610 MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE TENSION | 286 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 291 |
REFERENCES | 292 |
Adsorption from Solution and Monolayer Formation | 297 |
SPREADING OF SURFACTANTS ON AQUEOUS SURFACES | 300 |
73 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF FILM PRESSURE | 304 |
74 RESULTS OF FILM BALANCE STUDIES | 308 |
75 VISCOUS BEHAVIOR OF TWODIMENSIONAL PHASES | 318 |
76 APPLICATIONS OF MONOLAYERS AND MONOLAYER CONCEPTS | 320 |
THERMODYAMICS | 323 |
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS | 327 |
79 ADSORPTION ON SOLID SURFACES | 331 |
710 APPLICATIONS OF ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTION | 338 |
711 ADSORPTION IN THE PRESENCE OF AN APPLIED POTENTIAL | 343 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 348 |
PROBLEMS | 349 |
89 EMULSIONS AND MICROEMULSIONS | 389 |
810 SOME APPLICATIONS OF MICROEMULSIONS | 392 |
811 BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES | 395 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 398 |
REFERENCES | 399 |
Adsorption at GasSolid Interfaces | 405 |
AN OVERVIEW | 409 |
PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE | 413 |
A STATISTICAL PERSPECTIVE | 419 |
THE BRUNAUEREMMETTTELLER EQUATION | 425 |
96 ENERGETICS OF ADSORPTION | 433 |
97 ADSORPTION IN POROUS SOLIDS | 436 |
98 ADSORPTION ON CRYSTAL SURFACES | 439 |
99 METAL SURFACES AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS | 451 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 455 |
REFERENCES | 456 |
van der Waals Forces | 462 |
102 VAN DER WAALS FORCES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN COLLOID AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY | 464 |
103 Molecular Interactions and Power Laws | 467 |
104 MOLECULAR ORIGINS AND THE MACROSCOPIC IMPLICATIONS OF VAN DER WAALS FORCES | 471 |
105 VAN OER WAALS FORCES BETWEEN LARGE PARTICLES AND OVER LARGE DISTANCES | 479 |
106 CALCULATING VAN DER WAALS FORCES BETWEEN MACROSCOPIC BODIES | 483 |
107 THEORIES OF VAN DER WAALS FORCES BASED ON BULK PROPERTIES | 486 |
108 EFFECT OF THE MEDIUM ON THE VAN DER WAALS ATTRACTION | 490 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 495 |
PROBLEMS | 496 |
The Electrical Double Layer and DoubleLayer Interactions | 499 |
BACKGROUND | 502 |
113 THE CAPACITOR MODEL OF THE DOUBLE LAYER | 504 |
THE DEBYEHUCKEL APPROXIMATION | 508 |
RESULTS | 512 |
GOUYCHAPMAN THEORY | 516 |
117 OVERLAPPING DOUBLE LAYERS AND INTERPARTICLE REPULSION | 520 |
STERN ADSORPTION | 527 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 530 |
PROBLEMS | 531 |
Electrophoresis and Other Electrokinetic Phenomena | 534 |
A COMPARISON | 536 |
THICK ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYERS | 538 |
THIN ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYERS | 544 |
GENERAL THEORY FOR SPHERICAL PARTICLES | 546 |
126 ELECTROOSMOSIS | 550 |
127 STREAMING POTENTIAL | 553 |
128 THE SURFACE OF SHEAR AND VISCOELECTRIC EFFECT | 555 |
129 EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPHORESIS | 559 |
1210 DETERMINING THE SURFACE CHARGE FROM ELECTROKINETIC MEASUREMENTS | 565 |
1211 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA | 567 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 570 |
| 571 | |
Electrostatic and PolymerInduced Colloid Stability | 575 |
132 INTERPARTICLE FORCES AND THE STRUCTURE AND STABILITY OF DISPERSIONS | 578 |
133 THE DERJAGUINLANDAUVERWEYOVERBEEK THEORY OF COLLOID STABILITY | 585 |
134 THEORY OF COAGULATION IN DILUTE DISPERSIONS | 592 |
A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE | 604 |
136 POLYMERINDUCED FORCES | 610 |
A MODEL FOR THE INITIAL ENCOUNTER | 614 |
REVIEW QUESTIONS | 619 |
REFERENCES | 620 |
| 621 | |
Examples of Expansions Encountered in This Book | 625 |
Units CGSSI Interconversions | 626 |
Statistics of Discrete and Continuous Distributions of Data | 631 |
C3 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS | 634 |
List of WorkedOut Examples | 638 |
| 641 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adsorbed adsorption aggregates applied aqueous atoms attraction average bulk calculated capillary Chapter charge chemical chemistry cm³ coagulation coefficient colloidal concentration consider contact angle curve density described determined diffusion dimensions dipole discussed dispersion distance double layer effect electrical electrolyte electroosmosis electrophoresis energy equal Equation equilibrium evaluate example experimental expression factor film fluid fraction function Hamaker constant increases interaction interface interparticle intrinsic viscosity ions isotherm kinetic Langmuir light scattering liquid material measured membrane method micelles mole molecular weight molecules monolayer N₂ obtained osmotic pressure parameters phase phenomena plot polydisperse polymer potential protein quantity radius ratio refractive index repulsion result Section sedimentation shown in Figure shows solid solution solvent spheres spherical particles stability structure surface tension surfactant Table techniques temperature theory thermodynamic tion two-dimensional units values velocity versus Vignette virial coefficient viscosity volume Waals forces zeta potential