Mechanical metallurgy

alloys angle annealed atoms axes axis behavior billet brittle fracture Burgers vector cold-worked components compression constant crack criterion cross slip cycles decrease determined diameter direction dislocation line ductile edge dislocation elastic elongation energy engineering equations extrusion factor failure fatigue limit fibers flow curve flow stress force forging friction given grain boundaries hot-working hydrostatic increases lattice length load machining material matrix maximum measured mechanical metallurgical Metals Park modulus Mohr's circle normal stress notch occurs orientation particles percent plastic deformation plastic strain polymer pressure produced properties ratio reduction region residual stresses rolling screw dislocation shear strain shear stress sheet shown in Fig shows slip plane slip systems Society for Metals solid specimen steel strain hardening strain rate stress-strain curve structure surface tensile strength tensile stress tensor theory thermal thickness tool torsion Trans usually velocity workpiece yield strength yield stress York