extempore, the subject being then proposed to discover their readiness; or whether they read in public what they have composed in private on a theme previously given them."

13. Let all speak Latin commonly, but especially the students in humanity, and commit to memory whatever shall be set by their masters, and diligently cultivate their style in composition; and let some one take the trouble to correct them. It shall also be allowed to some, at the Rector's pleasure, to read certain other authors in private, besides those which are publicly studied; and every week on an appointed day, after dinner, let one of the more advanced pronounce a Latin or Greek oration on a subject tending to the edification of the inmates, by which they may be animated to greater perfection in the Lord. 14. Moreover, the students of arts and theology especially, and all the others should have their private quiet study, where they may learn better and more exactly what has been treated of.

15. As the over earnestness of some in their studies ought to be repressed, so others who require it ought to be stimulated, incited, and animated to their duties; and that the Rector may more effectually do this, he should ascertain himself, from personal observation and by means of another to whom he shall have entrusted the office of Syndic or Visitor of Studies, in what way the scholars do their duty. And if he shall perceive that any one during his studies wastes his time, that he is unwilling or unable to make progress in literature; it will be proper to remove him, and put some one in his place, who shall make more proficiency in the object appointed in the Colleges for God's service.

16. The study of any faculty being completed, it will be well to go over it again in private, reading one or more authors than before; at the Rector's discretion. He may moreover reduce to writing, if the Rector thinks proper, more briefly, distinctly, and accurately, whatever in that same faculty he had previously written during the course of lectures when he had less skill than now at the conclusion of the course.

17. At the appointed times let them prepare themselves for the public examinations and responses; and they who after diligent scrutiny may be found worthy shall be advanced to the usual degrees. Let them not however assume any particular places, although such as are generally assigned in the University wherein they take their degree, that they may avoid every appearance of ambition and other inordinate passions; but let them all arrange themselves together without precedence, and incur no expense unbecoming paupers in these degrees, to which they should be advanced without detriment to their humility, and with no other motive than to render themselves more useful to their neighbors to the glory of God.

18. Whether it may be better for their own benefit or that of others for those who have accomplished the course of their studies, to read privately or publicly, shall be left to the judgment of the superior, who shall determine whatever he may think most expedient in the Lord.

VIL SCHOOLS FOR PERSONS NOT DESIGNING TO BECOME MEMBERS.

1. Regard being had not only to the progress of our own scholars in literature, but to the progress also of those not of our society in literature and morals, whom we have admitted into our Colleges to be instructed, let public schools be opened, wherever it may conveniently be done, at least for polite learning. In the more important studies, they may be opened with reference to the circumstances of the places where our Colleges exist, always keeping before our eyes what shall be most pleasing to God.

2. In these schools let that method be pursued by which the external scholars may be well instructed in all that relates to Christian learning; and let care be taken, as far as possible, they may attend the Sacrament of Confession once a month, frequently hear the word of God, and in short imbibe, together with learning, morals becoming Christians. And because, in particular subjects, there must needs be much variety, according to the difference of places and persons, we shall not here insist upon them severally; but this may be declared that rules should be established in every College which shall embrace all necessary points. And we may in this place recommend that the correction which the external scholars require shall never be withheld; only let it be administered by some one who is not of our society.

3. As it is peculiar to our profession to receive no temporal remuneration for spiritual services, in which according to our Institute we are engaged for the service of our fellow-creatures; it is not expedient to receive any endowment of a College, by which the society shall be bound to maintain a preacher, or confessor, or lecturer in Theology. For although a regard to equity, and gratitude should stir us to attend with increased diligence to the said ministra

tions which belong to our Institute; yet in our Colleges which have been founded with greater liberality and devotion, no obligations or conditions shall be admitted, which may derogate from the sincerity of our manner of proceeding, namely to give freely what we have freely received; still, for the support of those who labor or study for the common good of the College, that endow ment may be accepted which the charity of the founders assigns to the glory of God.

VIII.

ADAPTATION OF INSTRUCTION TO FUTURE WORK.

1. Looking to the object to which the studies of our society are directed, it will contribute to that end, that they begin to habituate themselves to wield their spiritual weapons for the benefit of their neighbors. For although this should be done in our Houses more properly and continuously, it should yet be commenced in our Colleges.

2. First of all, those who in the judgment of the superior are to be admitted to sacred orders, should be instructed in the method of saying Mass, so that besides intelligence and internal devotion, they may exhibit a becoming external manner to the edification of the hearers; and that all the society, as far as possible, may use the same ceremonies; in which so far as the variety of countries shall allow, it shall follow the Roman practice as being more general, and that which the Apostolic See has adopted in a more peculiar manner.

3. Let them accustom themselves also in setting forth their sermons and sacred lectures to the way best adapted for the edification of the people, which differs from the scholastic method; and to discharge this duty let them labor to acquire the vernacular tongue of the country thoroughly. There are other things which they should have studied, and have at their fingers' ends, which will be useful to this duty; and in short, they should employ all means which may assist them to discharge this office the better, and with greater spiritual profit to others.

4. Let them be accustomed also to the ministration of the Sacraments of Confession and Communion, and endeavor to comprehend and discharge that duty not only as relates to themselves but also to the penitents and communicants, that they may understand and receive the same duly and usefully to the glory of God.

5. Let them accustom themselves to communicate their spiritual exercises to others, when each has experienced them in himself; and let all be diligent not only to give an explanation of them, but also to acquire a readiness in wielding this kind of spiritual arms which by the grace of God is felt to contribute so largely to His service.

6. Let due diligence be employed in acquiring the proper method of teaching the Catechism, accommodated to the intelligence of children and ignorant persons.

7. As in the foregoing, our neighbors are helped forward in living well; so care must be taken that they be instructed in whatever is available towards dying well; and let it be understood what method ought to be observed at that hour which is so momentous to the ultimate attainment or loss of everlasting happiness.

Generally speaking, they should be taught what method should be pursued by the laborers of this society, (who must be engaged in such various quarters of the world, and with such different classes of men), in preventing the inconveniencies which may arise, and in securing the emoluments which contribute to the greater glory of God, by employing all the means which can possibly be employed. And although that unction of the Holy Ghost, and that wisdom which God is wont to communicate to those who confide in His divine Majesty, can only teach this; a way may still be opened in some measure by those lessons which tend and dispose to the furtherance of divine Grace.

IX. REMOVAL OF SCHOLARS.

1. Some are removed from the Colleges for the reasons set forth in the Second Part, and in the manner there explained; that others may succeed them who shall make more progress to the service of God. The method is the same both for Houses and Colleges.

2. Sometimes individuals shall be removed, because to be sent elsewhere tends to their greater improvement in religion or learning, or to the general advantage of the society; as it might happen, if one who had already passed through the course of arts, in a certain College should repeat it elsewhere, before the study of theology be commenced. And the same may be said, if they are to be occupied in any other thing to the greater service and glory of God.

3. The ordinary method of removing scholars from any College where all the aforesaid sciences are taught, shall be, when each shall have accomplished his studies, his course of arts being completed, and four years spent in the study of theology. And towards the conclusion of this period the Rector shall understand that it is his duty to inform the General or Provincial, and represent what proficiency they have made; and then he shall follow whatever instructions he may receive to the glory of God.

X. GOVERNMENT OF THE COLLEGES.

1. The Professed Society shall have the supreme care or superintendence of the Colleges according to the letters of the Apostolic See. For since the professed cannot apply any portion of those revenues to their private advantage or their own use; it is most consonant to reason that they will proceed with greater purity and religion more constantly and perseveringly in those things which are necessary to the good government of the Colleges to the greater service of God and our Lord.

2. Except what relates to the Constitutions, and the dissolution or alienation of our Colleges, the whole power and administration, and (generally speaking) the execution of this superintendence shall belong to the General, who keeping before his eyes the object towards which the Colleges and the Society at large are directed, shall best perceive what is beneficial for them.

3. The General himself therefore, or some one empowered by him for this duty, shall appoint one of the Coadjutors of the Society to preside over each College; who shall give an account of the duty assigned to him to the Provincial, or whomsoever the General shall nominate. And the General also may remove the Rector, and relieve him from his responsibility, as shall appear to him most desirable in the Lord.

4. Care should be taken that he who undertakes the office of Rector should be most exemplary, of great edification, and strict mortification in all depraved inclinations, and tried especially in obedience, and in humility; one endowed with discretion, skilled in government, versed in business, and experienced in spiritual concerns; knowing how to interchange severity with mildness in due time and place, anxious, laborious, learned; in short one in whom the Superiors may confide, and to whom they may safely communicate their power; since, the ampler this authority, the more effectually the Colleges will be directed to the greater glory of God.

5. It will be the Rector's duty, in the first place, to sustain, as it were upon his shoulders, the whole College by prayer and holy desires; in the next, to see that the Constitutions be observed, to watch over all the Collegians with all solicitude; to defend them from all that may hurt them at home and abroad, as well by prevention, as by applying a remedy when mischief occurs; according both to the general interest and also that of the individual; by seeing that they improve in virtue and learning; securing their health, and likewise the property of the College as well moveable as immoveable; prudently appointing those who hold domestic employments, and observing how they dcharge their duty; and as he shall judge most expedient in the Lord, keeping them in their places, or removing them; and generally speaking, he shall see that that which has been set forth in the previous chapters relating to the Colleges, be observed. Let him be mindful also of the subordination to be entirely maintained in obedience, not only to the General, but to the Provincial also, informing him of all things needful to be communicated, and referring to him everything of moment; obeying all his injunctions (seeing he also has a superior); as it is just that matters be referred to him, and obedience bo yielded by those who live in the College; who should greatly revere and venerate their Rector, as one who holds the place of Christ our Lord, leaving to him the free disposition of themselves and their concerns with unfeigned obedience; keeping nothing concealed from him, not even their consciences, which they should disclose to him, as is set forth in the Examen, at the appointed seasons, and oftener if any cause require it; not opposing, not contradicting, not showing an opinion in any case opposed to his opinion, so that by the union of the same sentiment and will, and by due submission, they may the better be maintained and forwarded in the service of God.

6. Let the Rector provide not only the necessary number of officers for the good management of the House, but let him see that they are competent, as far as possible, to their employments; to every one let him give his regulations, containing all that relates to their several duties, and see that no one intermeddle with a ther's department. Moreover, as whenever it is necessary, he should provide assistance for them, so whenever they have time to spare, he should see that they spend it profitably to the service of God.

7. Among the officers necessary for the Rector, in the first place, a proper person must be selected to be Sub-rector, or Major Dom, and to see to all things which appertain to the general good. There should be a Syndic also to superintend external concerns; one to see to spiritual affairs, and two or more besides, in whose probity and prudence the Rector has great reliance; and with whom he may consult on the more difficult occasions, and such as seem to involve the greater glory of God. Others also are needful for particular duties. 8. Let the Rector see that the Collegians pay to every man in the discharge of his duty an entire obedience; that the other officers obey the Sub-rector, and himself also, just as he commands them.

It may be well to state this in general, that those who have to exact obedience from others should set them an example of that obedience which they should pay to their superiors in the place of Christ.

The maintenance of regularity as to time in studies, prayers, masses, lectures, food, sleep, and other things will be useful in all respects; and a signal should be given at stated hours; at the sound of which, let all forthwith betake themselves to that whereto they are summoned, not stopping to complete even a single letter. It will, however, pertain to the Rector, or to him who superintends, to see when these hours are to be changed according to the seasons or other sufficient causes; and let what he determines be observed.

10. The Rector should himself read or teach the Catechism forty days. Let him see also which of the Collegians, especially towards the conclusion of their studies, and to what extent at home and abroad, should impart instruction to others in conferences, in setting spiritual exercises, in hearing confessions, in sermons, lectures, or explanations of the Catechism, partly for their own improvement, partly for the benefit of others as well within as without; and all things duly considered, let him provide for whatever he shall perceive most pleasing to the divine and supreme Goodness, and His greater service and glory.

XL ADMISSION OF UNIVERSITIES.

1. The same reason in charity, for which Colleges are admitted, and public schools maintained in them not only for the edification of our own scholars, in learning and morals but still more of those that are without, may be extended to the undertaking of the care of Universities; that in them this benefit may be enlarged, and be wider spread as well in the sciences which are taught as in the men who frequent them, and the degrees to which they attain; so that in other places they may teach with authority, what they have in these thoroughly learned to the glory of God.

2. On what conditions and obligations, and in what places these Universities shall be admitted, is left to the judgment of the General of the Society; who having heard the opinions of his assistants, and of others whom he may choose to consult, shall determine within himself whether they shall be admitted. But when they have been once admitted he shall have no power to dissolve them without the concurrence of a General Congregation.

3. Since religious peace and spiritual occupations allow not that distraction of mind nor other annoyances to the Society which attend the duty of judging in civil or criminal proceedings, no jurisdiction of this kind shall be permitted which the society might exercise either of itself, or by others depending on it; although it is proper in all that peculiarly relates to the welfare of the University that the ministers of ordinary justice whether secular or ecclesiastical should fulfil the pleasure of the Rector of the University as signified to them touching the punishment of its scholars, and generally promote the interests of learning, especially when recommended to them by the Rector.

XIL

SCIENCES IN THE UNIVERSITIES.

1. As the object of the society and its studies is to assist their neighbors in the knowledge and love of God and the salvation of their own souls; and as to this end the most proper means is the study of theology, the Universities of the society shall chiefly labor therein, and diligently teach by sufficient masters whatever relates to the Scholastic doctrine and the Holy Scriptures, and so much of the positive as contributes to this our appointed end, without entering upon the portion of the Canons which ministers to contentious courts of law. 2. And since both the study of theology and its practice demand, especially in these times, a knowledge of humanity, and the Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages, competent professors of these shall be appointed in adequate numbers. Professors also may be appointed for other languages, as Chaldaic, Arabic, and Indian, wherever they shall appear necessary or useful to the aforesaid end, regard being paid to the various regions, and the motives which lead to their study.

3. And since the arts or natural sciences dispose the mind to theology, and contribute to its perfect study and practice, and of themselves assist in the same object, let them be taught by learned preceptors, and with proper diligence, sincerely seeking the honor and glory of God in all things.

4. The study of medicine and of the law shall not be engaged in within the Universities of our society; or at least, the society shall not take that duty upon itself, as being remote from our institute.

XIII. ARRANGEMENT AND ORDER OF STUDIES.

1. A proper arrangement and order of study must be observed both morning and evening for the subordinate faculties and theology.

And though some variety may occur in this arrangement, and in the hours assigned to study in different countries and seasons, let all at least agree in this that everywhere that only be done which shall be deemed most expedient to the greatest progress in learning.

3. The lectures which are read in public, and the various professors shall be appointed with reference to the intelligence and number of the audience; they shall particularly inspect the progress of every one of their scholars, and demand an account of the lectures; see that they are repeated, and that the students in humanity cultivate their conversational powers, speaking Latin and improving their style by writing; enjoining frequent disputations, and especially on the superior students, for which certain days and hours shall be appointed, when they shall debate, not only with their equals, but the inferior with the more advanced on subjects of their own selection; which also in turn the more advanced shall do with the less forward, descending (in their turn) to the studies in which these are engaged, and the perceptors with one another, due moderation being maintained, and a president appointed, to break off the debate, and to declare what doctrine should be elicited from the discussion.

4. It will be the duty of the Rector either by himself or the Chancellor ever to see that the new-comers be examined, and placed in those classes, and under those preceptors which are most fitting; and it shall be left to his discretion, after hearing the opinion of the persons appointed to that duty, whether they should remain longer in the same class, or be advanced to a higher. He also shall decide respecting the study of languages, except Latin, whether they should be engaged in before or after arts and theology, and how long each student should apply to them. So in any of the higher sciences, he shall settle with due regard to the inequality of talents and age, when each should commence and how long occupy himself in them; although it will be best that they who are in the vigor of life and intellect should endeavor to advance in all, and become conspicuous to the glory of God.

5. As assiduity in literary pursuits is necessary, so is some relaxation also. Although it shall be left to the Rector to consider what this should be, and at what periods, the circumstances of persons and places being attended to.

XIV. TEXT BOOKS.

1. In general, as was observed in treating of the Colleges, those books shall be read which are esteemed of more solid and safe doctrine in any faculty. Nor shall those be entered on whose doctrine or authors are suspected. In every University they shall be particularly specified; in theology, the Old and New Testament shall be read, and the Scholastic Divinity of St. Thomas, and in that branch of divinity called positive, those authors shall be selected which appear best adapted to our object.

2. As touching Latin and Greek books of humanity, both in our Universities and Colleges, as far as possible, those shall not be used which contain anything prejudicial to good morals; except they have been previously purified of improper things or words.

3. In Logic and Natural and Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics, the doctrine of Aristotle should be professed; and in other liberal arts, and in commentaries as well of these authors as of humanity, a choice being made of them, let those be selected which the scholars ought to see, and the teachers chiefly to follow in the doctrine which they deliver. But in all his determinations, let the Rector proceed in the way which he shall judge most conducive in the whole society to the glory of God.

XV. TERMS AND DEGREES.

1. In humanity and the languages the period for the completion of the course cannot be determined, by reason of the difference of talent and information of the students, and many other causes, which admit of no other lim